三秩归一与秩序分化——新产业触发乡村秩序变迁的逻辑

Achieving Community Harmony with Economic Development as Interference Factor

文章从触发地区产业发展的新柑橘品种引种入手,探讨乡村秩序变迁与重构的逻辑。运用"国家—市场—社会"三角分析框架,研究发现,在新柑橘品种引种之前,定塘镇的社会、经济、政治秩序之间处于相互支持的相对平衡状态。新柑橘品种的引种与扩种,打破了原有的平衡。一方面,社会、经济、政治行动者沿着各自的行为逻辑有序行动,协同服务于开发红美人产业和打造区域公用品牌这一共同目标,在达成新的秩序平衡的同时,形成了政治、经济和社会的"三秩归一"。另一方面,在新平衡之下,又涌动着三种秩序分化:农民和商人因秉持经营理念的差异,形成经济秩序的分化;品种红利分配的差异又带来了内部、外部社会秩序的分化;在经济、社会秩序的分化中,农民和商人不倾向诉诸政府,因与政绩无关,政府也无意介入干预,形成了政治秩序的分化。本文建议:在产业兴旺中,政府应着重关注技术和产业红利差异带来的社会分化,让大多数人从中受惠,建构和谐的经济秩序,进而促进治理有效的政治秩序。

Rural community order is dynamic. This paper explores the order change triggered by the introduction of a new citrus variety. With case analysis, it discusses the behavioral logic of actors such as farmers, businessmen and government in the introduction and promotion of the new citrus variety based on field observations in Dingtang Town. The high profit citrus variety as an economic development opportunity actually breaks the existed community order. For maxim interest, each of the actors would follow its own ways. One of the consequences is the conflict between farmers and businessman in citrus planting.Farmers more focus on planting high quality fruit while businessman more concern profits from the fruit.In the meantime, local government does not regard the conflict between farmers and businessman, instead,it is more interested in the share of new citrus planting and sales for government political performance.Nevertheless, three actors do have a common interest that is the profit from the new citrus. The interest sharing balance reshapes the actors’ behavior boundary, then community order. Protecting farmers, the weak party, is the key part for achieving the balance or community harmony.