社会经济地位、性别不平等与性别角色观念

Socioeconomic Status, Gender Inequality, and Gender-Role Attitudes

性别角色观念代表了人们如何看待男性和女性的社会角色,它从另一个维度反映了社会的性别平等状况。本研究利用CGSS2010数据,从社会整体和家庭内部探讨社会经济地位、性别不平等与性别角色观念之间的关系。研究发现:第一,个体在社会结构中的位置影响其性别角色观念:高教育程度、高收入以及高地位职业群体的性别角色观念更为开放;第二,社会结构位置对性别角色观念的影响存在性别差异:社会经济地位的提高对女性性别角色观念的积极影响要大于男性;第三,家庭内部的性别不平等模式对性别角色观念的影响也存在差异。夫妻间相对教育程度和相对收入对男性没有影响,但是对女性有显著的影响。教育程度高于配偶的女性,性别角色观念更加平等开放;夫妻间相对收入对女性的性别角色观念有显著的正向影响,但是当女性的收入高于配偶一定范围后,这种影响消失了。

Gender role attitudes are about how a person identifies oneself with regard to rights and roles linked to gender in family and market, and also reflect the gender equality in society from another dimension. Using data from"2010 Chinese General Social Survey"(CGSS2010), we estimated associations of socioeconomic status(SES), gender inequality and gender role attitudes. Results suggest that gender role attitudes were significantly related to people’s social positions: The higher were people’s SES, the more liberal were their gender role attitudes. The associations of SES and gender role attitudes changed among women and men: the positive effect of the socioeconomic status on women’s gender role attitudes was stronger. Women with higher SES demonstrated greater modern trends in gender role attitudes than did men with the similar social positions. The effect of gender inequality among couples on change in gender role attitudes were also different between women and men. Women’s gender role attitudes were positively associated to their relative education and earnings, but men’s attitudes are not affected by their relative resource among couples: the more relative education women have, the more they expressed equal gender role attitudes;the more relative earnings women have, the more they hold nontraditional gender role attitudes,however, when women’s relative earnings rised at some point, their gender role attitudes reversed to be more traditional.