美国洪水保险计划发展及其经验分析

Analysis of the Development and Experience of National Flood Insurance Program in America

1927年密西西比河大洪水促使美国联邦政府成为防洪工作中的主要参与者,并于1968年建立国家洪水保险计划。美国国家洪水保险计划的实践过程是不断发现问题并逐步解决问题的过程,经过近20年的完善,于1986年实现自负盈亏。美国国家洪水保险制度的成功离不开一系列法律法规的支持。重点介绍了美国洪水保险的特点以及洪泛区管理手段,分析其发展过程碰到的问题及解决思路和方法,为搭建适合我国国情的洪水保险制度提供经验。

The great Mississippi River flood in 1927 prompted the U. S. federal goveniment to become a major player in flood control. In 1968 , the United States Congress passed the 44 National Flood Insurance Program". Then, the development of "National Flood Insurance Program( NFIP)'' in the U. S. is a process of solving problems. After nearly 20 years of improvement, the program had realized selfsupporting since 1986. The success of the U. S. NFIP could not be achieved without the support of a series of laws and regulations. This article focused on the characteristics of NFIP and the floodplain management methods, analyzed the problems encountered in the development process, to provide experience and useful infbnnalion for setting up a flood insurance system suitable for the national conditions of our country.