寒地水稻旱作作物需水量研究

Study on Water Requirement of Dry Farming Crops in Cold Region

近些年黑龙江省水稻种植面积逐年扩大,2017年达到了创纪录的400万hm2。目前黑龙江省水稻生产用水量占农业生产用水量的95%,占社会总用水量的74%,是黑龙江省名副其实的第一大用水大户。黑龙江省社会用水总量已逼近全省水资源控制红线,部分地区地下水资源严重超采。在这种水资源日趋紧张的严峻形势下,开展了水稻直播常规灌溉、旱作喷灌灌溉、旱作滴灌灌溉的作物需水量对比试验。结果表明,旱作喷灌灌溉节省10.99%的作物需水量,旱作滴灌灌溉节省17.76%的作物需水量,水稻旱作喷滴灌技术较现有常规灌溉可节省30%～50%总用水量,但是在现有喷滴灌技术水平条件下,产量水平低于现有常规灌溉。

In recent years,rice planting area in Heilongjiang Province has been expanding year by year,and reached a record 4 million hectare in2017.At present,the water consumption of rice production in Heilongjiang Province accounts for 95% of the agricultural production water consumption,and accounts for 74% of the total social water consumption,which is the largest water user in Heilongjiang Province. The total social water consumption has approached the water resources control red line of Heilongjiang Province,and groundwater resources in some areas are seriously over-exploited.Under the increasingly severe situation of water resources,the water requirement comparison experiment of rice direct seeding conventional irrigation,dry farming sprinkler irrigation,dry farming drip irrigation was carried out. The results showed that dry farming sprinkler irrigation saved 10.99% of the crop water requirement,dry farming drip irrigation saved 17.76% of the crop water requirement.Compared with the conventional irrigation,the dry farming drip irrigation technology saved 30%-50% of the total crop water requirement. However,under the current level of sprinkler and drip irrigation technology,the yield level is lower than that under the existing conventional irrigation condition.