南疆地区间作红枣苜蓿生理生态效应研究

Study on Physiological and Ecological Effects of Intercropping Jujube and Alfalfa in Southern Xinjiang

本试验共设置了枣树单作(CK)、距离两侧红枣0.50 m种植苜蓿(A)、距离两侧红枣1.00 m种植苜蓿(B)、距离两侧红枣1.45 m种植苜蓿(C)4个处理,研究不同种植模式对间作系统生理生态效应的影响。结果表明,在不同种植模式下,间作系统对气温有着良好的调节作用,其中A模式下苜蓿净光合速率较高;间作复合系统对浅层地温有高温季节降温、低温季节增温的作用,不同时期土壤的物理性质(土壤含水量、土壤容重)也发生相应的变化,对降低土壤的无效蒸发有重要意义;在苜蓿全年生产中,A模式产量最高;在灌溉定额的条件下,A模式下作物的贮水量最高,水分利用率也最高,说明合理的间作距离可以提高作物水分利用率。在不同种植模式中,A模式对生态系统中光温的利用相对适宜、土壤容重变化较为平稳、水分利用率最高,且产量也达到最高。综合衡量间作系统内的光、温、水分等的生理生态效应可以得出,A种植模式为红枣间作苜蓿的最佳种植模式。

In this experiment,four treatments were set up to study the effects of different planting patterns on the physiological and ecological effects of intercropping system,namely planting single plant of jujube(CK),planting alfalfa 0.50 m from both sides of jujube(A),planting alfalfa 1.00 m from both sides of jujube(B),and planting alfalfa 1.45 m from both sides of jujube(C).The results showed that intercropping system had a good regulating effect on temperature under different planting modes,and alfalfa had a higher net photosynthetic rate under A planting pattern.Intercropping compound system had the effect of cooling in high temperature season and warming in low temperature season on shallow soil temperature,and soil physical properties(soil moisture content,soil bulk density)also changed correspondingly in different periods,which was of great significance to reduce ineffective evaporation of soil.In alfalfa annual production,A planting pattern had the highest yield.Under the condition of irrigation quota,the water storage capacity and water utilization rate of crops were the highest in A planting pattern,indicating that reasonable intercropping distance could improve crop water utilization rate.Among the different planting patterns,A planting pattern had relatively appropriate utilization of light and temperature in the ecosystem,stable change of soil bulk density,the highest water utilization rate and the highest yield.By synthetically measuring the physiological and ecological effects of light,temperature and water in the intercropping system,it can be concluded that A planting pattern was the best one for alfalfa intercropping with jujube.