哈尔滨市工业空间演变与重构研究

Study on the Spatial-temporal Evolution and Reconstruction of Industrial Space in Harbin

基于哈尔滨市2003年、2010年和2017年的城市土地利用现状数据,运用扩展速率、空间自相关、圈层与扇形系统等模型和方法,探讨哈尔滨市工业空间的演变规律和重构路径。结果表明,2003—2017年哈尔滨工业空间面积不断增加,空间扩展速率呈下降趋势,各市辖区工业空间规模和扩展速率差异明显;哈尔滨市工业空间具有显著的空间集聚特征,3个年份工业空间集聚区明显迁移;工业空间郊区化扩展趋势明显,城市核心区的工业不断外迁,工业空间扩展区域主要集中在距城市中心8～24 km的范围内,工业空间主要向西北偏北、正南、东南偏南、西南方向扩展;工业空间存在核心城区占比较大、集聚水平不高、土地利用率较低,郊区布局混乱等问题。兼顾城市核心区工业空间置换与保护更新、促进工业集中布局、提高工业空间土地利用率、促进郊区工业空间与生活空间有机整合应是哈尔滨市工业空间重构的主要路径。

Based on the urban land use data of Harbin in 2003, 2010 and 2017, the evolution law and reconstruction path of industrial space in Harbin are discussed quantitatively and qualitatively by using the models and methods of expansion rate, spatial autocorrelation, circle and sector system. The results show that the industrial space area of Harbin increased from 2003 to 2017, while the spatial expansion speed decreased. The industrial space scale and expansion rate of different urban areas were significantly different. There is spatial clusters in Harbin industrial space significantly. Within three years, there has been a significant migration of industrial space clusters, and the industrial space of Harbin has clearly expanded to the suburbs. Obviously, the industry in the urban core area is moving out continuously ,and the expansion area of industrial space is mainly within the range of 8 ?24 kilometers from the urban center. The industrial space mainly expands to the north- west, south-south, south-southeast and southwest directions. There are some problems in industrial space in Harbin, such as large proportion of core urban areas, low level of agglomeration, low rate of land use and chaotic layout of suburbs. Consideration should be given to the replacement and protection of industrial space in urban core areas, the promotion of industrial centralized layout, the improvement of land use rate of industrial space, and the promotion of industrial space and living space in suburbs. Machine integration should be the main way of industrial space reconstruction in Harbin.