干旱半干旱区谷子多点试验产量及农艺性状的变化特征

Characteristics of Yield and Agronomic Traits of Foxtail Millet under Multi-environment Experiment in Arid and Semi-arid Areas

谷子多点试验对鉴定评价谷子的稳产及广适性起着重要作用。通过对甘肃省中东部干旱半干旱区7 a谷子多点试验的产量及农艺性状数据进行统计分析,比较研究其变化特征。结果显示,2011-2017年,甘肃省中东部半干旱区谷子多点试验试点设置数、参试品系数呈逐年增加的趋势,益于筛选出高产、稳产、广适性品系;参试品系产量变幅为69.3～593.4 kg/667m^2,年际内同一试点不同品系间、年际间不同试点同一品系及年际间同一试点同一品系产量均存在较大差异,产量相对稳定品系所占比例低,降雨量、气温与产量的相关分析表明谷子产量变幅较大与其任何一个生育阶段的极端降雨及气温变化密切相关,说明要加强气候变化耐性谷子种质资源的挖掘和创新;株高、主穗长、主穗直径、主茎直径及单株草质量呈"w"型变化特征,单株穗质量、单株粒质量、千粒质量及出谷率呈"∽"型变化特征,而主茎节数变化区间为11～13,呈逐年缓慢下降趋势,说明参试材料的表型选择性改造无特异性,应加强谷子理想株型种质资源的挖掘、利用和创新。

The multi-site experiment is important to evaluate the stability and adaptability of foxtail millet.We used data of the yield and agronomic traits of foxtail millet to analyze and compare for its variation characteristics in semi-arid area of central and eastern Gansu province in the past seven years to analyze the variation characteristics.The results showed that the number of experimental set and lines tested gradually increased from 2011 to 2017,which was beneficial to screen out high,stable and wide-adaptability lines. The yield of the tested lines varied 69.3-593.4 kg/667 m^2,and the different lines of the same experiment in the same year,the same line of the different experiment among sites and the same line of the same experiment between sites had significantly difference,and the proportion of the stable lines was low. The correlation analysis of rainfall,temperature and yield shows that the large variation of grain yield was closely related to the extreme rainfall and temperature change in any growth stage,which indicates that the exploitation and innovation of germplasm resources of foxtail millet with tolerance to climate change should be strengthened. The plant height,the length of the main spike,the diameter of the main spike,the diameter of the main stem and the mass of the grass per plant showed a "w" type characteristic of change,while the spike mass,the grain mass per plant,the 1 000-grain mass and the grain yield per plant showed a "∽" variable characteristics. The node number of the main stem ranged from 11 to 13 showed a slowly decreasing trend year by year,those results indicated that there was no specificity in the phenotypic selective modification of the tested materials,and the exploitation,utilization and innovation of the germplasm resources of the ideal plant type of foxtail millet should be strengthened.