超级早稻氮磷钾养分需求特征研究

Study on Characteristics of Nitrogen,Phosphorus and Potassium Demand in Super Early Rice

为高效提高超级早稻产量、肥料利用效率,以及指导相应缓/控释肥等新型肥料的研发,研究氮钾养分不同优化运筹条件下超级早稻的吸肥特性和土壤供肥特征,比较其产量与氮、磷、钾利用效率的差异。结果表明:与T2(氮钾肥基追比为基∶蘖=3∶2)相比,氮钾优化运筹处理(T3和T4)能有效提高早稻稻谷产量、干物质累积量及氮、磷、钾吸收利用效率及农学利用效率。其中,T4(氮肥基追比为基∶蘖∶穗=6∶2∶2,钾肥基追比为基∶蘖∶穗=5∶3∶2)稻谷产量和氮、磷、钾吸收利用效率及农学利用效率最高,其稻谷产量、干物质累积量较T3(氮肥基追比为基∶蘖∶穗=6∶2∶2,钾肥基追比为基∶蘖∶穗=6∶2∶2)分别提高3.2%、8.8%;氮肥、磷肥和钾肥吸收利用效率较T3分别提高16.6%、63.5%和15.7%。T4水稻氮、磷、钾养分累积及相应土壤养分供应特征更吻合超级早稻的养分需求特征。

In order to efficiently improve yield and fertilizer utilization efficiency of super early rice and guide the development of new fertilizers(slow/controlled release fertilizer,etc.),the characteristics of nutrient demand and soil nutrient of super early rice were studied by combined application of N and K under the condition of optimal operation,and then the difference between yield and N,P,K utilization was found.The results showed that compared with T2(N-base∶tillering =3∶2,K-base∶tillering =3∶2),optimal fertilization(T3 and T4) of N and K increased yield,N,P,K utilization efficiency and dry matter accumulation of early rice.Grain yield and N,P,K utilization efficiency in T4(N-base∶tillering∶panicle =6∶2∶2,K-base∶tillering∶panicle =5∶3∶2) were the highest,and compared with T3(N-base∶tillering∶panicle =6∶2∶2,K-base∶tillering∶panicle =6∶2∶2),grain yield,dry matter accumulation,and N,P,K accumulation increased by 3.2%,8.8%,respectively,N,P,K utilization efficiency increased by 16.6%,63.5%,15.7%,respectively.The N,P,K accumulation characteristics of early rice and the corresponding supply characteristics of soil nutrient in T4 were consistent with the nutrient requirement characteristics of super early rice.This study has provided practical basis for the development of corresponding new fertilizers(slow/controlled release fertilizer,etc.) to reduce fertilizer,increase efficiency in super early rice.