划布轮法鉴定新疆野苹果树腐烂病抗性方法的建立

The Pattern Wheel Innoculation Method Used to Identify Resistance of Xinjiang Wild Apple Trees(Malus sieversii) to Valsa Canker

中国新疆野苹果正遭受大面积死亡的生态危机,而腐烂病是主要诱因之一,急需对该植物资源进行抢救性保护。本研究旨在探索快速、高效及适用于野外的野苹果腐烂病抗性株快速筛选鉴定的方法。通过室内对5株15个新疆野苹果离体枝条和田间50株250片离体叶片进行划布轮刺伤,并接菌腐烂病强致病03-8菌株,25℃保湿观察。结果表明,枝条刺伤接菌8 d后发病率达100%,平均病斑长度为24～114 mm;叶片刺伤接菌4 d后发病率达100%,病斑面积比率为7%～88%,并鉴定出不同植株腐烂病抗性差异。表明对刺伤的枝条和叶片接菌是一种快速高效可信的腐烂病抗性株筛选鉴定方法,并适用于田间大样本量的抗性株初级筛选鉴定操作。

Valsa canker is one of the most destructive fungal diseases of Malus sieversii in Xinjiang,China,which has caused seriously damage in natural populations. Screening and utilization sources with strong resistance to valsa canker is quite emergent task for the ecological reconstruction. To establish a rapid selection and identification method to identify resistance sources,15 twigs of 5 M.sieversii trees and 250 leaves of 50 M.sieversii trees from M.sieversii Xinyuan county nursery,Xinjiang,were rapidly injured with pattern wheel in laboratory,and were inoculated with strain 03-8 to moisturize the plant at 25 ℃. The results shows that the disease incidence of twigs was 100% on the eighth day,the mean lesion length was between 24-114 mm. The disease incidence of leaves was 100% on the fourth day,and the percentage of leaf area covered by lesion(PLACL) was between 7%-88%. Based on twigs and leaves inoculation,relatively strong valsa canker resistant accessions of M.sieversii were selected. This study shows that puncture inoculation of leaves and twigs is a rapid,efficient and credible valsa canker resistance selection and identification method,and is also suitable for field test.