既有建筑兼作防灾避难场所关键技术研究

Research on Key Technology of Existing Buildings to Double as Disasters Mitigation Emergency Congregate Shelters

目前,我国已建防灾避难场所多以现有公园、绿地、广场和中小学操场等开放空间为主,既有建筑兼作防灾避难场所的实例较少。为合理可靠地改造、加固既有建筑,使其能够兼作防灾避难场所,研究了既有建筑兼作避难场所的设计流程、抗震性能评价和抗震加固方法等关键技术问题,并通过不同烈度区、不同工况和不同既有建筑类型的工程算例验证了该解决方案的可行性和有效性。研究结果表明:首先,要对既有建筑从建筑安全性、疏散通畅性和市政设施完备性3个方面进行适宜性评价;然后,根据既有建筑的平时功能、现状条件和相关规范进行避难室内空间与设施设计,编制平灾转换方案;最后,针对避难建筑设计后的既有建筑进行抗震性能鉴定,并根据评价结果,选择适当的加固方法对不能满足要求的结构进行加固。

At present,existing disasters mitigation emergency congregate shelters are mostly open space such as built parks,green grounds,plazas and playgrounds of primary and secondary schools in our country. The instance of existing buildings to double as disasters mitigation emergency congregate shelters is rare.In order to effectively renovate and reinforce existing disasters to double as disasters mitigation emergency congregate shelters,the key technical problems such as design process,seismic performance evaluation and anti-seismic reinforcing method and others were researched.The feasibility and validity of the proposed method were proved through the engineering projects of different existing building types,working conditions and earthquake intensity regions.The results show that:firstly,the suitability of existing buildings is assessed from architectural safety,evacuated efficiency and completeness of municipal facilities;secondly,the design of shelter indoor space and facilities are performed on the basis of its peacetime functions,current situations and related specifications,and the transition plan between peacetime and disaster time is developed;finally,evaluate the seismic performance of existing buildings designed,and based on the assessment result,reinforce the structures without meeting requirements through appropriate methods.