内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区狍的日活动节律及其季节变化研究

Daily and Seasonal Activity Rhythm of Capreolus pygargus in Inner Mongolia Saihanwula National Nature Reserve

为探究内蒙古赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区中有蹄类动物日活动节律与行为的季节变化对生存环境和捕食者的适应,2013年3—12月,在保护区采用红外相机技术对狍Capreolus pygargus进行了行为特征监测研究。共得到3 439份野生动物有效影视数据,鉴别出狍个体共693只次。数据显示:(1)狍具有明显的晨昏活动习性,每日相对活动强度的2个高峰期分别为04∶00—06∶00和17∶00—19∶00;与其他季节相比,夏季相对活动强度高峰均推迟,主要受夏季高温以及捕食者的胁迫因素影响。(2)狍的日活动强度不存在季节差异,但春季的相对活动强度(49.64%)最大,其次为冬季(27.99%),夏季(10.68%)与秋季(11.69%)接近,温度、捕食风险、发情期和食物需求等可能是造成这一现象的主要原因。(3)狍的行为以取食、舔食营养盐和警戒为主,行为比例在不同季节的差异无统计学意义。本研究结果有助于了解野生狍的生活习性,为保护区有蹄类动物的有效管理提供数据支持。

To explore the daily activity rhythms of wild ungulates in response to the seasonal changes of living conditions and the predation risk in protected nature reserve, the daily activity of roe deer (Capreolus pygargus) was analyzed using camera trapping in Inner Mongolia Saihanwula National Nature Reserve from March to December 2013. A total of 693 times of C. pygargus were recognized within the obtained 3 439 valid pictures and videos. We found that (1) C. pygargus displayed activity traits with 2 peak intervals in the dawn (from 04:00 to 06:00) and dusk (from 17:00 to 19:00), respectively. In summer, both the 2 peaks were delayed, and this might be due to the high temperature and predatory stress.(2) The daily activity intensity had no seasonal differences, but the relative activity intensity in spring was the highest (49.64%) followed by that in winter (27.99%). The summer activity intensity (10.68%) was closed to that in autumn (11.69%). We postulated that the factors of temperature, predation risk, estrus state and food demand might play an important role.(3) C. pygargus showed high proportion of feeding, salt licking and vigilance behavior, and there was no difference between seasons. These findings may contribute to understanding the behavioral adaptation of wild C. pygargus and provide baseline information for effective management of ungulate in the reserve.