成都市白蚁天敌资源——蚂蚁种类调查研究

A Survey on Ants as Natural Enemies of Termites in Chengdu City

部分蚂蚁种类是白蚁的重要天敌。为了探明成都市白蚁天敌——蚂蚁的常见种类及其生境,2011—2015年通过对成都市房屋建筑、园林树木、古建筑以及安装在住宅小区绿地的地下型白蚁监测装置等生境中调查白蚁与蚂蚁种类及数量,共鉴定白蚁9种,隶属于3科4属,黑胸散白蚁Reticulitermes chinensis占比最高(83.9%);蚂蚁29种,隶属于4亚科15属,中国短猛蚁Brachyponera chinensis占比最高(38.2%)。相关性分析表明,黑毛蚁Lasius niger与尖唇散白蚁R.aculabialis、新中华散白蚁R.neochinensis之间,莱曼氏蚁Formica lemani与黑胸散白蚁、尖唇散白蚁之间,敏捷扁头猛蚁Pachycondyla astuta、铺道蚁Tetramorium caesputum与尖唇散白蚁之间均呈显著负相关。黑毛蚁、莱曼氏蚁、敏捷扁头猛蚁、铺道蚁的种群数量大,在白蚁生物防治中具有一定的应用潜力。鉴于蚂蚁对白蚁的控制作用受环境、人为等多种因素的影响,建议进一步加强蚂蚁对白蚁自然控制作用的系统研究。

Ants are important natural enemies of termites, but not every ant species is a natural enemy of termites. To find out the resource of ant species in Chengdu city, termite species and ant species in house buildings, landscape trees, ancient buildings and underground termite monitoring stations were investigated during 2011-2015. A total of 9 termite species belonging to 4 genera and 3 families and 29 ant species belonging to 15 genera and 4 subfamilies were identified. The highest proportion of termites was Reticulitermes chinensis (83.9%), and Brachyponera chinensis (38.2%) was found to be the most common species of ants. Furthermore, significant negative correlations were detected between Lasius niger and R. aculabialis, R. neochinensis, between Formica lemani and R. chinensis, R. aculabialis, and between Pachycondyla astuta, Tetramorium caesputum and R. aculabialis. These findings suggested that L. niger, F. lemani, P. astuta and T. caesputum might have certain potential application prospects in termites biological control. Considering the effects of ants on termites can be influenced by environmental and artificial factors, further research on the natural control of ants against termites needs to be done.