双歧杆菌和乳酸菌β-半乳糖苷酶转糖基作用的研究进展

Advances in Our Understanding of the Transgalactosylation Activity of β-Galactosidase from Bi?dobacteria and Lactic Acid Bacteria

双歧杆菌和乳酸菌作为一般认为安全的微生物,是β-半乳糖苷酶(β-galactosidase,β-gal)的较好来源。部分双歧杆菌和乳酸菌菌株能够产生具有转糖基活力的β-gal,以乳糖为底物可合成具有益生作用的低聚半乳糖(galactooligosaccharides,GOS),而GOS产物的产量和组成受到β-gal的来源以及反应条件的影响。因此,本文总结了能够产生具有转糖基活力的β-gal的双歧杆菌和乳酸菌菌株,比较了两类来源的β-gal的酶学性质,并重点阐述了这两类β-gal在GOS合成中的应用。

Bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria are generally recognized as safe (GRAS) microorganisms and are good sources of β-galactosidase (β-gal).β-gal with transgalactosylation activity from some strains of bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria can be used to produce prebiotic galactooligosaccharides (GOS) with lactose as the substrate. However, the β-gal producer and reaction conditions have an impact on the yield and composition of GOS products. Therefore, this review summarizes bifidobacteria and lactic acid bacteria strains that can produce β-gal with transgalactosylation activity and compares the enzymatic properties of β-gal from both microbial sources. This review also sheds light on the application of β-gal in GOS synthesis.