“人造精子”介导基因编辑技术的建立与应用

Generation and application of “artificial spermatid”-mediated gene editing

"人造精子",即小鼠孤雄单倍体胚胎干细胞,是一种可在体外长期培养扩增和进行遗传操作的细胞,因其具备胚胎干细胞自我更新和多向分化的特性,并拥有代替精子使卵母细胞"受精",产生半克隆小鼠的能力,而被广泛应用于生命科学研究的各个领域。与CRISPR-Cas9技术相结合,"人造精子"能够同时实现细胞水平和动物水平的复杂基因编辑,因此可作为一个有力的研究工具。本文就"人造精子"技术的建立与改进、在基因编辑方面的应用,以及全基因组标签计划的提出与进展展开综述。

"Artificial spermatid" is a kind of androgenetic haploid embryonic stem cells comes from mouse.It can be promptly cultured and genetically manipulated in vitro. Same as normal embryonic stem cells, artificial spermatids keep high pluripotency and possess the ability to proliferate. Furthermore, they are able to replace spermatids to support full-time development of embryos upon injection into mature oocytes, resulting in live mice referred to as semi-cloned mice. Cooperated with CRISPR-Cas9 system, artificial spermatids would be used to edit genes both in cells and mice. We will talk about the origin and development of artificial spermatid, its application on gene editing, as well as the process of Genome Tagging Project.