计及电池使用寿命的电动汽车充电站储能容量配置方法

Energy storage capacity allocation method of electric vehicle charging station considering battery life

电动汽车充电站接入配电网不但增加电网的扩容压力,而且充电站较大的负荷峰谷差造成设备利用率低。通过配置储能电池可有效降低负荷峰谷差,提高设备利用率。但储能电池的容量决定投入的成本,需要寻找最合适的容量达到成本最低的目标。由于储能电池寿命影响电池更换时间,需要准确估算储能电池在频繁不规则充放电状态下的寿命周期。本文采用雨流计数法统计电池工作周期内的充放电深度,并根据等效循环寿命曲线建立电池寿命损耗模型。以充电站日成本最低为目标,综合考虑充电站配电网的投资成本、储能系统的投资成本、维护成本及整体的运行成本,利用粒子群优化算法求解最优容量,最后对比不同类型充电站在不同场景下配置储能的价值。

The access to the distribution network of the electric vehicle charging station not only increases the expansion pressure of the power grid, but also causes a problem of low utilization of equipment due to the large peak-to-valley difference of the charging station. By configuring the energy storage battery, the difference between peaks and valleys can be effectively reduced, and the utilization of equipment can be improved. The capacity of energy storage batteries determines the cost of investment, and it is necessary to find the most appropriate capacity. Since the life of the energy storage battery affects the battery replacement time, it is necessary to accurately estimate the life cycle of the energy storage battery in the state of frequent irregular charge and discharge. In this paper, the rain flow counting method is used to count the depth of charge and discharge in the battery operating cycle, and the battery life loss model is established based on the equivalent cycle life curve. To minimize the daily cost of charging stations, the investment cost of the distribution network of the charging station, the investment cost of the energy storage system, the maintenance cost, and the overall operating cost are comprehensively considered. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to solve the optimal capacity, and finally the different types are compared. The charging station configures the value of energy storage in different scenarios.