中共旅欧支部与马克思主义文献的翻译

The European Branch of the CPC and the Translation of Marxist Literature

日本、法国、苏俄是马克思主义传入中国的三条主要渠道。深入分析中共旅欧支部翻译的马克思主义文献,是厘清马克思主义传入中国的法国渠道的基础。中共旅欧支部所译文献主要发表于党刊《少年》和《赤光》,其内容涉及四个方面:一是梳理马克思思想的发展脉络,基于辩证法对于资本主义社会的剖析,对于巴枯宁主义、蒲鲁东学说的批判;二是从价值意义、必然性、长期性、战略等方面,分析资本主义为共产主义所代替问题的内在逻辑;三是分析十月革命、世界革命的历史和现状,论证"俄罗斯革命乃是世界革命的起首"观点,进而为中国革命提供指引;四是指出青年"学共产主义"的方法,如何培养无产阶级道德,开展"共产主义"的策略等。分析译文可以发现,中共旅欧支部翻译马克思主义文献具有"非经典性":翻译重点不是马克思主义作家的经典著作,而是国际共产主义运动的最新文献;所译文献并非聚焦马克思主义经典作家,而是对国际共产主义运动领导人均有涉及。

In-depth analysis of Marxist literature translated by the European branch of the CPC is the basis for clarifying the French channel of Marx’s introduction to China. Translations by the European branch published in the Juvenile and Red Light mainly cover: the development of Marx’s thought,analyses of capitalist society based on dialectics,Marx’s critique of Bakuninism and Proudhonism;analyses of the internal logic of the substitution of capitalism by communism from the aspects of value,significance,inevitability,long-term nature,tactics and strategies;analyses of the history and current situation of the October Revolution and the world revolution,the viewpoint that the Russian revolution was the beginning of the world revolution,and guidance thereof for the Chinese revolution;methods for the youth to learn communism,ways to cultivate proletarian morality and the strategy of carrying out communist movement. Analyses of the translations indicate that non-classic is the characteristics of the translation of Marxist literature by the European branch of the CPC. The focus of the translations is not the classic works of Marxist writers but the latest literature of the international communist movement. The translated literature does not focus on Marxist classical writers,but involve all leaders of the international communist movement.