列车万向轴动不平衡振动监测时域预警方法研究

Study on Time Domain Early Warning Method for Vibration Monitoring of Dynamic Imbalance of Train Cardan Shaft

万向轴作为列车主要机械传动部件,其动不平衡的存在加剧了传动系统振动,极易破坏传动系统轴承、万向节等核心部件。文章通过监测齿轮箱异常振动研究万向轴动不平衡时域预警方法,根据长期线路跟踪测试探索时域预警参数,建立万向轴-齿轮箱端振动时域预警模型;利用有限元方法建立传动系统有限元模型,研究不同转速下具有不同动不平衡值的万向轴在齿轮箱端振动响应关系。结果表明:不同转速下,标准旧轴加速度响应最大幅值均约为标准新轴的2.8倍。仿真及实测数据分析表明:列车运行速度为200 km/h时,振动加速度时域预警有效值为3.72g;列车运行速度为250 km/h时,振动加速度时域预警有效值为4.97g。台架试验验证了仿真结果及预警阈值的正确性。

As the main mechanical transmission component of train,the existence of dynamic unbalance of cardan shaft aggravates the vibration of transmission system and easily destroys the core components of transmission system such as bearings and cardan joints.This paper studied the time domain early warning method of dynamic unbalance of cardan shaft by monitoring the abnormal vibration of gearbox,explored the time domain early warning parameters according to the long-term track test,established the time domain early warning model of vibration of cardan shaft-gear box end;established the finite element model of transmission system by using finite element method,and studied the vibration response relationship of cardan shaft with different dynamic unbalance values at different rotational speeds at the gear box end.The results show that the maximum acceleration response of the standard old axle is about 2.8 times of that of the standard new axle at different rotational speeds.The analysis of simulation and measured data shows that the effective value of time-domain early warning of vibration acceleration is 3.72 g when the train speed is 200 km/h,and 4.97 g when the train speed is 250 km/h.The rightness of simulation results and warning threshold is verified by bench test.