北京市社区人群急性胃肠炎患病状况流行病学调查

Incidence of acute gastrointestinal illness among community residents in Beijing: a cross-sectional survey

目的了解北京市社区人群急性胃肠炎患病状况和流行特征。方法采用多阶段整群随机抽样方法,于2014年4月—2015年3月,抽取北京市6个区120个社区的居民,采用入户调查方法,调查过去4周急性胃肠炎的发生情况、就诊行为和可疑病因等信息。结果共完成调查9 885人,其中110人在调查期间发生急性胃肠炎。根据2010年第六次人口普查北京市人口性别、年龄调整后,急性胃肠炎月患病率为1.01%(95%CI=0.81%～1.21%),年发病率为0.15次/人年(95%CI=0.13～0.16)。不同年龄、区域和季节的急性胃肠炎月患病率存在统计学差异。急性胃肠炎患者的就诊率为31.82%,粪便送检率为20.00%。在自述的可疑病因中,食源性比例为52.73%,可疑食品来源于家庭的比例为44.83%,污染食品类别为果蔬类(34.48%)。结论急性胃肠炎患者的就诊率低,自述食源性较高,应进一步完善监测系统设计,开展有针对性的食品安全教育,有效降低社区人群急性胃肠炎的患病率。

Objective To analyze the incidence and prevalence characteristics of acute gastrointestinal illness(AGI among community residents in Beijing. Methods We selected 10 800 residents in 120 communities of 6 administrative districts in Beijing city using multistage random cluster sampling and then conducted a household interview among the residents on AGI-related symptoms, medication seeking and possible causes during previous 28 days between April 2014 and March 2015. Results Among the 9 885 participants completing the survey, totally 110 were identified as self-reported AGI cases, with the adjusted monthly incidence rate of 1.01%(95% confidence interval [95% CI]: 0.81%– 1.21%) and the estimated yearly incidence density of 0.15(95% CI: 0.13 – 0.16) person-year based on gender and age distribution of Beijing population in 6 th national census in 2010. The monthly AGI incidence rate differed significantly by age, living region and season. Of all the AGI cases identified, 31.82% reported seeking medical service and 52.73% reported suspected intake of contaminated food related to the illness. Of the cases seeking medication, 20.00% had feces examination. Among the 58 AGI cases reporting the AGI-related food intake, 44.83% had the food at home and 34.48% had the intake of probably contaminated fruit or vegetable. Conclusion The community AGI patients in Beijing had a lower ratio of seeking medical service and higher ratio of having contaminated food intake. AGI related surveillance and health education on food safety should be promoted among community residents to reduce AGI incidence.