我国沿海港口的微观生物初期污损调查

Investigation on Initial Fouling of Microscopic Organisms in Several Harbors of China

目的对我国渤海、黄海、东海和南海海域的港口进行微观生物污损调查。方法在天津、青岛、宁波、湛江和三亚的港口进行实海挂样试验,通过染色、封装、显微观察、计数等方法,对我国沿海从北到南五个港口微观生物的初期污损进行调查。结果通过玻片实海浸挂和荧光显微观察法,建立了一种生物污损初期附着状况的试验调查方法。微观生物污损主要以细菌和硅藻为主,在样片浸入海水后的数小时内,表面即附着微观生物。不同港口的挂片表面所附着的生物量存在差异,实海挂片24h后,样片表面附着的细菌数量约为100～300cells/mm^2,微藻数量约为10～60cells/mm^2。在相同试验周期内,水温较高海域收集到的样片表面的生物量较大。随港口纬度的升高,样片表面的生物量减少。结论我国沿海海港的微观污损生物均以细菌和硅藻为主,初期生物附着量受港口所处纬度影响,五个港口一天内的微观生物附着量均大于10 cells/mm^2。

Objective To investigate the microscopic biofouling of representative ports in the Bohai Sea, Yellow Sea, East China Sea and South China Sea. Methods In the ports of Tianjin, Qingdao, Ningbo, Zhanjiang and Sanya, the field exposure experiment of samples was carried out. The initial biological pollution of coastal ports from north to south was studied by staining, encapsulation, microscopic observation and counting. Results A new test method for investigation of the initial attachment status of biofouling was established by field immersion of slide and microscopic observation of fluorescence. Microscopic biofouling was dominated by bacteria and diatoms. Microscopic organisms were attached to the surface within a few hours after the samples were immersed in seawater. The biomass attached to the surface of the hanging slices of different ports was different. The number of bacteria and microalgae on the surface of the samples was about 100-300 cells/mm^2, and 10-60 cells/mm^2 respectively after 24 hours of immersion in the sea. In the same exposure period, the biomass attached to the surface of the hanging slices in seawater with higher temperature was higher. As the latitude of the port increased, the biomass on the surface of the slices decreased. Conclusion Bacteria and diatoms are the main initial fouling of microorganisms in the coastal seaports in China. The biomass attached in the early stage is affected by the latitude of the port. The bioaccumulation of microorganisms in the five seaports within one day is more than 10 cells/mm^2.