成都市不同年龄层养老意愿现况及变化趋势

Status and trend of the desirable caring patterns for elderly of different generation in Chengdu City

目的调查成都市不同年龄层的养老意愿,分析养老意愿变化趋势。方法 2016年11月~2017年4月在成都8个小区内对25岁及以上的人群进行现场问卷调查,包括一般情况、养老负担、家庭养老资源、养老意愿等内容,了解成都市区不同年龄层人群的养老意愿并分析其变化趋势。结果共有874人接受调查,男441名,女425名;按年龄将调查对象分为青年人群(25~44岁)、中年人群(>44~59岁)、老年人群(>59岁)。养老意愿上,青年人群自我养老131名(51.8%)、家庭养老74名(29.2%)、社区养老23名(9.1%)、机构养老25名(9.9%);中年人群自我养老87名(34.9%)、家庭养老110名(44.2%)、社区养老22名(8.8%)、机构养老30名(12.0%);老年人群自我养老130名(36.6%)、家庭养老176名(49.6%)、社区养老22名(6.2%)、机构养老27名(7.6%),不同人群在养老意愿比较差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论家庭养老在老年人、中年人、青年人中逐渐下降,而自我养老上升且比例不低。不同年龄层中,很少比例选择机构养老和社区养老,对养老服务的了解和知晓度普遍较低。

Objective To investigate the choice of old-age support of different age groups in Chengdu City and analyze the trend of choice of old-age support.Methods From November 2016 to April 2017,an on-the-spot questionnaire survey was conducted among 25-year-olds and above in 8 districts in Chengdu City.The questionnaire included general information,pension burden,family pension resources,the choice of old-age support,etc,which was used to know the choice of old-age support of different age groups and analyze the trend of choice of old-age support.Results Eight hundred and seventy-four people were surveyed,441 males and 425 females;the subjects were divided into youth(25-44 years old),middle-aged(>44-59 years old),and elderly(>59 years old)by age.The choice of old-age support was,youth:131 cases(51.8%)self care,74 cases(29.2%)home care,23 cases(9.1%)community care,25 cases(9.9%)institutional care;middle-aged:87 cases(34.9%)self care,110 cases(44.2%)home care,22 cases(8.8%)community care,30 cases(12.0%)institutional care;elderly:130 cases(36.6%)self care,176 cases(49.6%)home care,22 cases(6.2%)community care,27 cases(7.6%)institutional care,there were statistically significant differences among different age groups'choice of old-age support(P<0.05).Conclusion Home care have gradually declined among the elderly,middle-aged and youth,while self care has risen and the proportion is not low.In different age groups,few people choose institutional care and community care.The awareness of old-age services is generally low.