中国八省市城乡婴幼儿早期发展现状研究

Study on the status quo of early child development in eight provinces of China

目的评估我国婴幼儿认知和运动发展水平,了解我国儿童早期发展现状。方法于2012年10月-2013年3月抽取全国8个省市1 026名2～30月龄足月、健康婴幼儿作为研究对象。通过问卷调查获得人口学及社会经济水平等因素,采用贝利婴幼儿发展量表第1版对婴幼儿进行发育评估。使用多元回归分析,探索婴幼儿认知发育及运动发育的影响因素。结果我国2～30月龄婴幼儿平均认知发展指数102.38±17.58,平均运动发展指数为101.39±16.38。认知发育迟缓发生率为7.70%,运动发育迟缓发生率8.28%。控制混杂因素后,发现相较于母亲教育程度为大专及以上的人群,母亲受教育程度为初中及以下学历人群的认知发展指数和运动发展指数降低显著(β=-8.51,95%CI:-11.23～-5.78;β=-4.17,95%,CI:-6.79～-1.55)。结论我国城乡地区婴幼儿早期发展水平较20年前有上升,母亲受教育程度对婴幼儿认知、运动发育有重要影响。

Objective To assess the cognitive and motor development of young children in China, and to evaluate the status quo of early childhood development in China. Methods A total of 1 026 full-term healthy children at the age of 2-30 months old were selected by convenience sampling from 8 provinces in China from October 2012 to March 2013.Demographic and social economic status data were investigated by parent report questionnaire.Bayley Scales of Infant Development were used to assess the development of young children.Multiple regression analysis was conducted to explore risk factors of cognitive development and motor development in young children. Results The average cognitive development index of infants aged 2-30 months in China was 102.38±17.58,and the average motor development index was 101.39±16.38.Cognitive retardation rate was 7.70%, and motor development retardation rate was 8.28%.After adjusting for confounders, compared with those with maternal education higher than junior college, children with maternal education under middle school appeared to have significantly lower cognitive development index(β=-8.51, 95%CI:-11.23--5.78) and motor development index(β=-4.17, 95%CI:-6.79--1.55). Conclusions Early child development in China has improved since 20 years ago.Maternal education is significantly associated with young child′s cognition and motor development.