纳萨尔运动50年:事实与阐释

Fifty Years of Naxal Movement: Facts and Explanations

纳萨尔运动起源于1967年西孟加拉邦的纳萨尔巴里起义,至今已有半个世纪。印共(马列)的成立标志着纳萨尔派拥有了属于自己的政党,但亦隐藏着冲突与矛盾。印共(毛)是目前纳萨尔派的主要政党,它活跃在"红色走廊"地区,对印度政府构成了严重的威胁。在印度共产主义运动内部,以印共和印共(马)为代表的主流左派与以印共(毛)为代表的激进左派之间存在意识形态上的分歧,同时,主流左派践行的议会政治亦不乏成功的案例。关于纳萨尔运动存在四种阐释机制:法律与秩序的视角、经济发展的视角、心理认知的视角以及意识形态的视角等。印度政府采取综合性的策略遏制纳萨尔运动,然而由于协调不畅、政策执行不力、地方政府自主性过大等原因,印度政府未能彻底根除纳萨尔运动。

Naxal movement originated from West Bengal’s Naxalbari uprising in 1967,which already struggled for half a century. The founding of CPI( ML) marks the Naxalites had their own party,but also contained conflicts and contradiction. CPI( Maoist) is the main party of Naxalites,which is active in "Red Corridor"area,and posed a main threat to Indian government. Inside Indian Communist movement,there are ideological differences between the mainstream leftist which represented by CPI and CPI( M) and the radical leftist which represent by CPI( Maoist). Meanwhile,there are successful cases of parliamentarism by mainstream leftist. Usually,there are four interpretation mechanisms about Naxal movement: law and order,economic development,psychological cognotion and ideology. Indian government adopt comprehensive strategies to contain Naxal movement,however,poor cooperation,low efficiency of execution,too much autonomy of local government,and other reasons all together made Indian government failed to wipe out Naxal movement.