重症医学科医院感染现状及其风险评估研究进展

Current status of nosocomial infection in intensive care unit and research progress of its risk assessment

重症监护病房(ICU)医院感染发生率是普通病房的2～5倍,且绝大部分是由多重耐药革兰阴性杆菌引起,患者基础疾病严重、免疫力低下、侵入性操作多、抗菌药物使用频繁是引起感染的主要危险因素。利用风险评估模型预测ICU患者医院感染发生的风险并据此做出前瞻性防控,可有效降低医院感染发生率,并提高工作效率。但是目前缺乏关于ICU医院感染风险评估的系统化、科学化研究,本文就重症医学科医院感染现状及其风险评估研究进展作一综述。

The incidence of nosocomial infection in intensive care unit ( ICU ) is 2-5 times higher than that in general wards, and most of them are caused by multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. Severe underlying diseases, low immunity, more invasive procedures and frequent use of antibiotics are the main risk factors for infection. Using the risk assessment model to predict the risk of nosocomial infection in ICU patients and make forward-looking prevention and control accordingly can effectively reduce the incidence of nosocomial infection and improve work efficiency. However, there is a lack of systematic and scientific research on risk assessment of ICU nosocomial infection. This paper reviews the current status of nosocomial infection in intensive care unit and research progress of its risk assessment.