苏轼与士大夫化的庄子

Su Shi and Scholar-Officialized Zhuangzi

北宋元丰元年(1078),苏轼在《庄子祠堂记》中提出了"庄子阴助孔子"说。其主要根据是《庄子·天下》论述天下道术时,自列于一偏,而独尊孔子。然而,《天下》篇并非庄子自著,且庄子之道与孔子之道在大本大源上并不相同,所以从学理上判断,"庄子阴助孔子"说缺乏客观论述,不符合学术规范。但是,从宋代士大夫精神的视角来观察,苏轼的"庄子阴助孔子"说有其特殊的历史价值。由于苏轼等人在北宋士大夫精神中注入了庄子思想,从而在北宋时期形成了"士大夫化庄子"这一士大夫精神的新范式。这一士大夫精神的新范式在后世士大夫阶层中产生了深远影响。

In 1078 A. D., Su Shi (苏轼,1037-1101 ) proposed a statement that "Zhuangzi (庄子)had assisted Confucius inwardly" in his essay Zhuangzi's Memorial Hall (《庄子祠堂记》). The primary evidence supporting his statement was that in Zhuangzi (《庄子》)there was a chapter entitled Under Heaven (《天下》)which discussed various schools of thought under heaven and held that Zhuangzi represented a different school of thought while paying supreme tribute to Confucius. However, the chapter Under Heaven was actually not written by Zhuangzi himself. Besides, the thought of Zhuangzi was derived from a diverse origin compared with that of Confucius. Therefore, if viewed and judged from academic principles, the statement that "Zhuangzi had assisted Confucius inwardly" fell short of objective elaborations and was not in conformity with academic norms. Bui if viewed from the perspective of the scholar-officials' spirit in the Song Dynasty, Su Shi's statement "Zhuangzi had assisted Confucius inwardly" had its special historical significance. Su Shi and other literati instilled Zhuangzi' s thought into the scholar-officials' spirit in the Northern Song Dynasty, thus forming such a new mode of scholar-officials ' spirit as M scholar-officialized Zhuangzi"(士大夫化庄子), which produced a profound influence on the later generations of scholar-officials.