“翻身”与“生产”——细读1943年前后边区的妇女“翻身书”

Emancipation and Production: A Close Reading of the “Stories on the Emancipation” of the Women in the Anti-Japanese Base Areas Around 1943

1943年中共的"四三决定"以单一的生产取向取代了此前妇女解放工作中的"多元性妇女解放运动",甚至在妇女通过生产社会化之后进一步要求妇女回到家庭。社会化之后还要回到家庭,妇女还如何"翻身"?这是1943年前后的妇女"翻身书"面对的难题。在孔厥《一个女人翻身的故事》中,折聚英通过"学习"走出了旧家庭的桎梏,变身为了"公家人",但这一过于仓促的转变也给折聚英带来了种种不适。同样处理"翻身"问题,在《孟祥英翻身》中,赵树理将"翻身"与"生产"联系了起来。与孔厥不同,赵树理通过开放式结尾强硬地将孟祥英拉回到了家庭之中,他期待的是"生产"带来的国家正义与家庭正义之间的贯通。

In 1943, the CPC's the-Year-1943 Decision replaced the diversified women's liberation movement in women' s liberation work with a single productive orientation, and even further demanded that women should return to their homes after the socialization of production. In this case, how could they get emancipated.This was a difficult problem faced by the "stories on the emancipation" of the women around 1943. In Kong Jue's (孔厥)The Story of How a Woman Got Emancipate《一个女人翻身的故事》),the heroine She Juying (折聚英)got rid of the bondage of the old family through M learningM and turned herself into a member of the government, but this too hasty change also brought her a lot of discomfort. In dealing with the same issue of women's emancipation , the writer Zhao Shuli (赵树理)linked it to production in his The Story of How Meng Xiangying Got Emancipated (《孟祥英翻身》). Unlike Kong Jue, Zhao Shuli forcefully pulled Meng Xiangying back to her home through an open ending, in expectation of the connection between national justice and family justice caused by production.