西北贫困地区乡村类型识别与振兴途径研究

Identification and revitalization of rural poverty-stricken areas in northwest China

乡村振兴战略是新时期我国推进城乡融合发展的重要举措。贫困地区既是脱贫攻坚的主战场,又是乡村振兴的重点区域。如何科学识别村落类型,分类推进典型区域乡村振兴发展,对于破解农村发展不平衡不充分问题具有重要的现实意义。本文解析了乡村地域系统发展理论,阐释了城乡融合发展理论,剖析了村域空间结构格局演变和城乡要素结构功能优化重组;构建了西北干旱贫困地区乡村振兴村落类型识别体系,从乡村主体、产业发展、人居环境、资源禀赋4个子系统进行逐级分类判断,识别乡村主导类型,结合专家征询分析与村落特征,将乡村振兴村落类型识别为集聚提升类、三产融合类、城郊融合类、特色保护类、搬迁撤并类,结合不同乡村振兴模式提出了相应地发展路径,以期为乡村振兴提供理论依据与决策参考。

The rural revitalization strategy is an undertaking in China to advance urban and rural integration. China is an agricultural country with a large but poor rural population. At the village level, the rural revitalization strategy has the potential to alleviate poverty and affect millions of citizens. Poverty-stricken areas are a composite of fragile ecological environments and rural impoverished communities. Beyond that, they are also major battlefields for poverty elimination as well as crucial regions for rural revitalization. How to scientifically identify the different types of rural areas and promote rural revitalization of typical areas will be of significant importance for resolving problems such as unbalanced, inadequate rural development. This study features Tongxin, which is a poverty-stricken county located in northwest China, and relies on an approach including a comprehensive evaluation method to measure rural development level, using technology to identify village type as well as expert consultation method analysis.At the same time, this paper proposes a theory of a rural regional system, elaborates on the urban-rural integrative development theory, and analyzes the structural framework evolution of rural spaces as well as the reconstruction and optimization of the structural function of urban and rural areas. It formulates an identification system for the rural poverty-stricken areas in northwest China, which are to be revitalized;to do so, it makes classifications and determinations through four sub-systems(rural subject, industry development, living environment, and resources)so as to identify the rural type. In combination with consultation and analysis from experts, as well as consideration of the rural features, the rural areas to be revitalized are classified into different types: agglomeration for improvement, mixing three industries, urban-suburban integration, protection due to its special nature, relocation and merging. In combination with different modes of rural revitalization, corresponding development methods are proposed accordingly, so as to provide theoretical evidence and decision references for new urbanization and urban-rural integration strategies in addition to the rural revitalization strategy.