海底地震仪在天然气水合物勘探中的应用综述

An Overview of the Application of OBS in the Exploration of Gas Hydrates

海底地震仪(OBS)直接布设在海底,在地球动力学研究、油气勘探以及地震学研究等众多领域中应用广泛。随着采集技术的提高,海底地震仪也越来越广泛地应用到水合物的勘探中。文中从OBS数据采集、数据处理以及速度反演三个方面对OBS在水合物勘探中的应用现状进行综述,重点在于综述目前的应用现状和OBS使用的难点。数据采集方面主要综述了在OBS水合物勘探中几种常见的观测系统;OBS数据处理方面主要综述OBS数据预处理和OBS数据镜像成像;OBS速度反演方面主要综述常用的反演方法及其优缺点;最后,在以下几个方面对OBS在水合物勘探中的应用进行了展望:(1)优化观测系统的设计;(2)发展更先进的波场分离算法;(3)基于全波形反演以及基于面波的速度反演。

Ocean bottom seismometer is directly deployed on the seafloor. It is extensively used in the fields of geodynamic, oil and gas exploration and earthquake investigation. Ocean bottom seismometer(OBS) is now widely used in the exploration of gas hydrates, benefiting from the rapid development of the OBS techniques. In this paper, the researchers provide an overview of the application of OBS in the gas hydrate exploration, from the aspects of data acquisition, data processing and velocity inversion. The research focus is the current status and the challenges. Specifically, this paper summarizes the geometry, the pre-processing, mirror imaging and the commonly used inversion method. Moreover, it discusses some future works that may help improve the application of OBS in the exploration of gas hydrates. In summary, it is suggested to conduct the following works:(1) optimize the geometry;(2) develop more advanced wave-field separation method;(3) develop the inversion method based on full waveform and surface wave.