华中国策会社集团与战时日本对华中通货政策

Guoce Company of Central China and the Wartime Japanese Currency Policy in Central China

在日本军政当局的庇护下,华中沦陷区内形成了一个资本雄厚、规模庞大的国策会社集团。华中国策会社集团是日本对华货币战的重要协助者,法币需给调节基金的设立与运作则是该角色的具体表现。面对日本军政当局的指令,国策会社集团长期以来在使用军票还是法币问题上游移不定,反映企业在货币选择上的"折衷主义"与"利益至上原则"。面对日本对华中通货政策所导致的当地经济生态恶化,强化经营、节约经费、统一提高产品价格,是国策会社的主要应对之策。沦陷区内通货膨胀的"慢性化"与日本军政当局的严苛统制,又使这些应对之策成效甚微。战时环境下华中国策会社集团对各种货币之态度,反映出法币经济、"华兴券"经济、军票经济与"中储券"经济在华中沦陷区内的张力与局限。

Under the protection of the Japanese military and political authorities, Guoce Company, a semi-official, large-scale and capital-rich enterprise group was formed in the occupied area of Central China. Guoce Company was an important facilitator of Japanese currency war against China. The establishment and operation of the adjusting fund for the demand & supplies of legal money specifically showed this role. In face of the instructions from the Japanese military and political authorities, Guoce Company had long been wavering between the use of military note or legal money , reflecting their "eclecticism” and "the principle of interest first" in the choice of currency. Faced with the deterioration of the local economic ecosystem due to the Japanese currency policy in Central China, Guoce Company mainly responded by strengthening the management, reducing expenditure and raising prices of the products? However, these countermeasures failed to achieve their proper effects because of the chronic inflation within the occupied areas and the strict social control of the Japanese military and political authorities. The wartime attitude of Guoce Company towards various currencies reflected the tension and limitations of the economies of legal money,"Huaxing Cuirency", military note and "Exchange Certificate of Central Reserve Bank" in the occupied area of Central China.