古丝绸之路上的西藏麝香商贸流通考略

On the roles and trading paths of Tibetan musk in the ancient silk road

古丝绸之路上的商品琳琅满目,其中的麝香深受西方贵族阶层的青睐。依据文献资料来看,西藏麝香从公元3世纪伊始,通过古代丝绸之路出现在以波斯和阿拉伯为主的西方市场,麝香逐渐变成波斯、阿拉伯等地人们梦寐以求的奢侈品,堪称为上等香料。然而,关于麝香,除了敦煌出土的藏医残卷中有零散的记载外,公元10世纪以前的藏文文献当中几乎没有出现有关西藏麝香在古丝绸之路上流通的记录。文章依据中文和外文文献,对公元3世纪至10世纪有关西藏麝香贸易的情况进行了详细梳理和研究。

It is clearly recorded in the history of other ethnics that the Tibetan musk are mainly sold in the Islamic world as well as in the Western markets since the 3th century.As the musk was considered a luxury stuff and excellent origin of sweet smell,Tibetan musk transported became the most popular goods imported through the ancient silk road in the Arabic places and the Western markets.As only a minor and undetailed Tibetan document about the exporting Tibetan musk in the Tsenpo Time can be found,this article,based on the Chinese and English documents,discusses the exporting Tibetan musk from the third century to tenth century in order to gain a better understanding of the economic history of the musk trading and the functions in the construction of“one belt and one road"strategy.