改革开放40年来中国贫困性质变化及2020年后反贫困政策前瞻

Changes in the Nature of Poverty in China Over the Past 40 Years of Reform and Opening-up and Prospects of Anti-poverty Policies After 2020

改革开放四十年来,中国经济社会转型取得了突出成就,与此同时,中国的反贫困实践也取得了巨大成功。在柢理中国反贫困所取得成就的基础上,发现新时期贫困性质发生了明显转变:由绝对贫困向相对贫困转变、由生存性贫困向发展性贫困转变、由物质性贫困向精神性贫困转变、由单一收入贫困向多维贫困转变,且老龄化导致的贫困成为新的贫困问题。针对2020年后的反贫困问题,提出继续推行开发式扶贫解决能力贫困、坚持对特殊贫困人口采取精准滴灌式扶贫、注重物盾扶贫与精神扶贫协调统一等建议。

In the past four decades of reform and opening - up,Chinar s economic and social transformation has made outstanding achievements. At the same time,Chinar s anti - poverty practice has also achieved great success. Based on teasing the achievements of China1 s anti - poverty,this paper finds that the nature of poverty has changed obviously in the new era : from absolute poverty to relative poverty, from subsistence poverty to developmental poverty,from material poverty to spiritual poverty,from single income poverty to multidimensional poverty,and poverty caused by aging has become a new poverty problem. Aiming at the anti - poverty problems after 2020, the paper puts forward some suggestions, such as : continuing to carry out development -oriented poverty alleviation to solve poverty problems, persisting in adopting precision poverty alleviation for special poverty population, and emphasizing the coordination and unification of material poverty alleviation and spiritual poverty alleviation.