宅基地制度合法化改革路径研究

Research on the Reform Path of Legalization of the Homestead System

宅基地制度是计划经济的产物和载体,具有计划经济的基本特征。宅基地制度与社会主义市场经济发展需求不相适应,成为城镇化发展的障碍。为适应市场化、城镇化、法治化发展需求,应以合法化为导向,对宅基地制度进行系统、整体、全面的改革。在建构国民基本居住权保障制度的前提下,宅基地可以一次性地分配给农民个人,农户获得的宅基地可以凭证化,允许有序有节制地交易。适度限制宅基地交易既可以避免宅基地大量闲置荒废,也可以防止过度集中,提高土地利用效率,促进社会和谐健康发展。

Homestead is the product and carrier of planned economy and has the basic characteristics of planned economy. The homestead system does not meet the needs of the development of socialist market economy and becomes an obstacle to the development of urbanization. Sporadic, individual homestead pilot reforms chaotic and complex. In order to meet the needs of marketization,urbanization and legalization,the homestead system should be systematically,integrally and comprehensively reformed based on legalization. Under the premise of establishing the national basic right of residence security system,homestead can be distributed to individual farmers all at once,and the homestead obtained by farmers can be converted into a voucher and allowed orderly and restrained trading. Moderate restriction on homestead transaction can avoid homestead's idle waste and excessive concentration , improve the utilization efficiency of land, and promote the harmonious and healthy development of the society.