水军、海盗与跨境贸易:17世纪初期的中朝海域交涉研究

Sailors,Pirates and Cross-border Trade:China-Korea Relations concerning Maritime Space and Border in the Early 17th Century

17世纪初,中国与朝鲜之间的北黄海区域在经济、军事与社会方面出现令人瞩目的变化。文章首先说明了自万历壬辰战争始,这一地区战略地位的提高、水军防备的加强、边境贸易的发展等,为中朝间频繁的海上经济交流与明朝地方海洋军事势力的兴起提供了契机。其次,以辽东巡按熊廷弼对镇江游击吴宗道与山东防海副总兵吴有孚的弹劾为中心,探讨明朝海防军如何游走于官方身份与非法活动之间。最后,围绕两起越海事件探讨朝鲜、辽东与明廷之间的交涉和处理,显示了其对跨海人员身份解读背后的相互关系。

The North Yellow Sea area between China and Korea had experienced remarkable changes in economy, military and society in the early 17 th century. This article first points out that with the outbreak of the Imjin War, the increasing strategic importance, upgrading of sea defense, and thriving cross-border trade of this region provided opportunities for the development of maritime trade between China and Chosǒn Korea as well as the rise of the Ming ’ s local military powers. Then based on the study of the impeachment of Zhenjiang Brigade Commander Wu Zongdao and Shandong Coastal Defense Vice-Commander Wu Youfu by Liaodong Governor Xiong Tingbi, this article analyzes how the Ming navy, as an official army, engaged in those illegal deals. Finally, this article discusses the negotiations and settlements of two cross-sea-border issues among Chosǒn Korea, Liaodong and the Ming court, and interprets their relations among those involvers.