头细蛾专性授粉体系中区域性共生多样化研究

Regional diversification of pollinator in Epicephala-Phyllanthaceae mutualistic systems

头细蛾属昆虫与叶下珠科植物互利共生体系中头细蛾复合体的区域性物种组成的具体情况是互利共生多样性研究模型选取的重要参考指标。本研究通过对全世界头细蛾属昆虫与叶下珠科植物协同进化体系中非一对一互利共生关系进行系统的整理,并对小果叶下珠Phyllanthus microcarpus、黑面神Breynia fruticosa、圆果算盘子Glochidion sphaerogynum、革叶算盘子Glochidion daltonii 4种植物相关的互利共生模式在不同分布区头细蛾物种成分以及种群动态进行研究。结果显示:在广西小果叶下珠居群上共生3种头细蛾,这3种头细蛾在同年的第一个世代只出现2种,在云南和海南小果叶下珠上全年只发现2种,而在广州目前饲养的头细蛾成虫更是仅有叔头细蛾1种;革叶算盘子在云南和四川有2种共生头细蛾,而在广西和海南均仅有1种;在海南和厦门黑面神与喙果黑面神共享2种头细蛾,而在广西和广东黑面神上仅发现1种头细蛾;圆果算盘子是目前发现共生头细蛾物种最复杂的寄主植物,在海南记载有4种头细蛾,但在云南圆果算盘子上仅发现优头细蛾1种。4种寄主植物相关的互利共生体系中头细蛾物种组成在不同的分布地均发生了不同程度的区域性共生多样化,甚至在同一地区的不同世代之间也存在着头细蛾物种数量的变化,这对于深入理解具有互利共生关系的物种间协同进化多样性形成机制具有重要的意义。

The regional composition of Epicephala species complexis an important reference for choosing models on the research of mutualistic diversification in Epicephala moths. In this study, we sorted out the data of no “one-to-one” models in mutualisms between Epicephala and Phyllanthaceae in system across the world, and determined the composition and population dynamics of Epicephala species complex in four models including Phyllanthus microcarpus , Breynia fruticosa , Glochidion sphaerogynum , Glochidion daltonii from different areas. The results showed that Epicephala associate with P. microcarpus included 3 sepcies in Guangxi, but these species were found 2 in the first generation of the same year, while there were only 2 species separately in the whole year in Yunnan and Hainan, only 1 species was reared as adult on P. microcarpus in Guangzhou;Epicephala associate with G. daltonii contained 2 species in Yunnan and Sichuan, but 1 species in Guangxi and Hainan;in Hainan and Xiamen, B. fruticosa shared 2 Epicephala species with B. rostrata , but only 1specie was found on B. fruticosa in Guangxi and Guangdong;G. sphaerogynum has the most complicated species compositions of Epicephala moths, it has 4 species in Hainan, but just only one of them was found in Yunnan, E. domina . Elements of Epicephala complex associate with the four host plant species respectively had partial variety in degree corresponding to distribution ranges, even in different generations of the same area per year. The partial diversification of Epicephala species complex has happened in different mutualistic models, it will contribute to understanding the formation mechanisms of evolutionary diversification between symbioses in mutualistic systems.