6种寄主果实对南瓜实蝇和瓜实蝇产卵选择及其子代发育的影响

Oviposition preference and offspring performance of Bactrocera tau and Bactrocera cucurbitae (Diptera: Tephritidae) on six host fuits

为探讨南瓜实蝇和瓜实蝇对不同寄主的产卵选择性及其与子代生长发育的关联度,采用生态测定方法,研究2种实蝇对南瓜、黄瓜、姜柄瓜、西葫芦、丝瓜和苦瓜6种寄主果实的产卵选择以及幼虫取食6种寄主后对其生长发育的影响。在产卵选择性试验中,2种实蝇对6种寄主的产卵选择性较为一致,均偏向于在丝瓜和黄瓜上产卵。在非产卵选择性试验中,南瓜实蝇在黄瓜和姜柄瓜上的产卵量较多;瓜实蝇在丝瓜和姜柄瓜上的产卵量较多;2种实蝇都对姜柄瓜有一定的偏好。在气味诱导的产卵选择性试验中,南瓜实蝇在姜柄瓜和黄瓜上的产卵量较多;瓜实蝇在黄瓜和丝瓜上的产卵量较多;2种实蝇都对黄瓜气味有一定的偏好;且南瓜实蝇和瓜实蝇都不偏好在苦瓜上产卵。南瓜实蝇分别取食黄瓜、苦瓜时,其幼虫期、蛹期较短;取食姜柄瓜时,蛹重最大;分别取食南瓜和黄瓜时的化蛹率、羽化率最高。瓜实蝇取食西葫芦时,幼虫期较短;取食丝瓜时,蛹期较短,且蛹重最大;分别取食黄瓜和南瓜时的化蛹率、羽化率最高。南瓜实蝇和瓜实蝇对不同寄主果实的产卵选择性均存在明显差异,寄主外部物理性状对实蝇的产卵选择有显著影响,2种实蝇对6种寄主果实产卵选择性和幼虫生长发育适应性的相关性不显著。

To explore the oviposition preferences and offspring performance of Bactrocera tau and Bactrocera cucurbitae on different host fruits and the relationship of the oviposition preferences and offspring performance. Adult oviposition and offspring development on six host plants, i. e., pumpkin, cucumber, jiangbing melon, zucchini, towel gourd and balsam pear, were assessed using ecological methods. The oviposition selection of B. tau and B. cucurbitae on six host fruits were similar, and the towel gourd and cucumber were more readily chosen hosts for oviposition of B. tau and B. cucurbitae in the oviposition selectivity tests. In the non-selective test, the highest oviposition preference of B. tau was observed on cucumber and jiangbing melon. The highest oviposition preference of B. cucurbitae was observed on towel gourd and jiangbing melon. Jiangbing melon was more readily chosen hosts for oviposition of both B. tau and B. cucurbitae. In the odor-induced selective test, the highest oviposition preference of B. tau was found in jiangbing melon and cucumber. The highest oviposition preference of B. cucurbitae was found in cucumber and towel gourd. The cucumber odor was more readily chosen hosts for oviposition of both B. tau and B. cucurbitae , and neither of them prefer to lay eggs on balsam pear. When B. tau was fed cucumber and balsam pear separately, its larval duration and pupal duration were short. When B. tau was fed jiangbing melon, the pupal weight was the highest. The pupation rate and emergence rate were the highest when pumpkins and cucumbers were fed respectively. When B. cucurbitae was fed with pumpkin, the larval duration was shorter. When the towel gourd were fed, the pupal duration was short and the pupal weight was the highest. The pupation rate and emergence rate of cucumber and pumpkin were the highest. The selectivity of oviposition of B. tau and B. cucurbitae on six host plant fruits is significantly different. The external physical properties of the host had a significant effect on the oviposition selection of B. tau and B. cucurbitae . There was no significant correlation between the oviposition selectivity and offspring s developmental fitness and survival.