乡镇治理的正式制度——非正式制度耦合分析——以广东省河源市林寨古村为例

Analysis of the Coupling of Formal and Informal Institutions in the Township Governance:A Case Study of Linzhai Village, Heyuan City, Guandong Province

乡镇社会是一个开放演化的具有耦合作用的网络系统,随着治理理念从"一元"向"多元"变化,乡镇治理中的正式制度与非正式制度的运行界域也发生了改变。本文以广东省河源市和平县林寨古村作为研究对象,从正式制度和非正式制度的角度对其乡镇治理的运作机制展开探讨。研究发现:正式制度方面,包括镇政府在内的行政机关在治理中占主导地位,村民委员会的村民自治职能被削弱的同时,普通村民基于土地资本成为了一支重要力量;非正式制度方面,镇政府通过成立企业的方式加速资金的周转,具有公信力的乡村能人在旅游开发公司担任要职,但人情社会中不规范的交换导致的权益受损问题仍然存在。研究最后分析了乡镇治理中正式制度和非正式制度的运行界域及二者的耦合机制,对乡镇治理模式进行讨论与展望。

The township society is an open and evolutionary network system with coupling.As the governance concept changes from "unitary" to "pluralistic",the operational boundaries of formal and informal institutions in township governance have also changed.Taking Linzhai Village in Heyuan City as example,this study discusses the operation mechanism of township governance from the perspective of formal and informal institutions.The study found that: in the formal institutions,the administrative organs including the town government dominated the governance,and the villagers' self-governing functions of the village committees were weakened.At the same time,the ordinary villagers became an important force based on the land capital;in the informal institutions,the town government accelerates the turnover of funds through establishing a company,in which the reputable rural people hold important positions.However,the problem of damage to rights caused by irregular exchanges still exists.The study finally analyzes the operational boundaries of formal and informal institutions as well as the coupling mechanism of the two-subject in the township governance,while discussing and forecasting the township governance mode.