基于农地视角的城乡人口双向融合阻碍及影响机制分析

Analysis of the Two-way Integration Obstacles and Influence Mechanism of Urban and Rural Population Based on Agricultural Land Perspective

十九大报告提出要建立健全城乡融合发展体制机制和政策体系,走城乡融合发展之路。人口是基本的城乡融合要素之一,通过由乡到城、由城往乡的人口双向互融引起土地、资本、产品等要素融合实现城乡融合。然而在农村到城市、城市向农村的人口迁移现实中,农村人口因受转移后的生活成本与土地羁绊双重限制而难以融入城市;城市人口因受现行农地政策不足而缺乏有效土地供给以致难以融入农村。围绕上述问题,文章借鉴经济学成本理论与农地制度理论,着重从农地视角分类讨论城乡人口双向流动中融合成本、土地供给阻碍及影响机制,并建议:一要完善土地流转权能,规范农地流转平台,保障农民流转收益;二要明确征地范围,强化农民农地所有权主体地位,合理分配农地征收补偿收益;三要创新农村人口进城落户土地退出机制,探索城市人口回流农地取得机制,建立健全城乡人口双向融合渠道。

The report of the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China proposed to establish and im. prove the institutional mechanism and policy system for urban-rural integration development,and to take the road of ur. ban-rural integration development. The population is one of the basic elements of urban-rural integration. Through the two-way Population integration of the village to the city and the city to the village,the integration of land,capital,prod. ucts and other factors will be realized,and urban-rural integration will eventually be achieved. However,in the reality of rural-to-urban and urban-to-rural Population mobility,the rural population is difficult to integrate into the city due to the dual restrictions on the cost of living and land bondage after transfer. Urban population lacks effective land sup. ply due to insufficient current agricultural land policy,making it difficult to integrate into rural areas. Around the above issues, the article draws on the theory of economic cost and the theory of agricultural land system,and focus on the per. spective of agricultural land to discuss the cost of integration,land supply impediment and impact mechanism in the two-way flow of urban-rural population, and suggests: Firstly,we should improve the power-function of land transfer, standardize the agricultural land transfer platform,and guarantee the income of farmers;secondly,we should clarify the scope of land collection, strengthen the peasant farmland ownership status,and rationally allocate the compensation in. come of farmland expropriation;thirdly,we should innovate the land withdrawal mechanism for rural population to set. tle in cities,explore the mechanism of rural land acquisition for urban population to return,and establish and improve the two-way integration channels of urban-rural population.