参薯茎叶营养成分和饲用价值分析

Analysis on nutritional ingredient and feeding value of stem and leaf of Dioscorea alata L.

为了评定参薯茎叶的饲用价值。对21个参薯品系茎叶的营养成分含量及单宁含量进行进行评价。结果表明参薯茎叶有着良好的营养水平和评价结果,干物质基础的含量平均值分别为:粗蛋白质19.55%、粗脂肪2.70%、粗纤维25.16%、粗灰分9.23%、酸性洗涤纤维33.76%、中性洗涤纤维50.73%、无氮浸出物43.36%、单宁0.66%。RFV和GI的均值为115.20和3.37,分别达到2级和3级饲料标准。其中粗蛋白质水平良好,均值高于甘薯蔓、柱花草和特级牧草标准;酸性洗涤纤维、中性洗涤纤维、粗脂肪含量与甘薯蔓和柱花草有着相近的含量水平,同时有着较低的单宁含量,居于适量的单宁含量标准(0.5%～5.5%)。研究显示参薯茎叶具有饲用的潜质,可以作为饲料开发利用。

In order to evaluate the feeding value of Dioscorea alata L. stems and leaves, the nutrient content and tannin content of stems and leaves of 21 cultivars of Dioscorea alata L. were determined by adopting two kinds of evaluation systems: the relative feed value of RFV and the coarse feed grading index of GI. The results showed that the stems and leaves of Dioscorea alata L. had a good nutritional composition and evaluation results. The average content of dry matter of 21 cultivars of Dioscorea alata L. contained 19.55% crude protein, 2.70% crude fat, 25.16% crude fiber, 9.23% crude ash, 33.76% acid detergent fiber, 50.73% neutral detergent fiber, 43.36% nitrogen free extract and 0.66% tannin. The mean values of RFV and GI were 115.20 and 3.37, respectively. According to the feed standards, they have reached level-2 and level-3. The average level of crude protein was higher than that of sweet potato stem, Stylosanthes and special-grade forage. The content of acid detergent fiber, neutral detergent fiber and crude fat was similar with that of sweet potato stem and Stylosanthes. At the same time, it has a lower tannin content and a moderate amount of tannin content (0.5%~5.5%). To sum up, the stems and leaves of Dioscorea alata L. have the potential to feed, and can be developed and utilized.