环境友好型生物基材料聚乳酸的合成进展

Synthesis Progress of Environmentally Friendly Bio-based Material Polylactic Acid

综述了近些年来关于聚乳酸的合成方法,主要有直接缩聚和开环聚合,对各种聚合方法比较了优缺点,并对其前景进行了展望。针对直接缩聚存在的问题,研发了新的丙交酯开环聚合制备聚乳酸,初步实现了聚乳酸工业化,使聚乳酸走进了市场,但由于原料来源的昂贵和工艺的复杂性,聚乳酸成本居高不下,难以大规模推广使用,因此对于该工艺的优化一直是近些年来研究的热点,其中关键的是开环聚合催化剂的选择,从无机金属催化剂到有机功能催化,使开环聚合工艺有巨大的推进。

In this paper, the synthesis methods of polylactic acid in recent years, such as direct polycondensation and ring-opening polymerization, are reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of the polymerization method are expounded accordingly, and the prospects are prospected. Due to the inevitable problems of direct polycondensation, new synthetic processes have to be developed. Therefore, there is a synthetic method for the preparation of polylactic acid by ring-opening polymerization of lactide, and the initial industrialization of polylactic acid has been successfully realized. Polylactic acid has entered the market, but due to the high cost of raw materials and the complexity of the process, the cost price of polylactic acid is high, and it is difficult to achieve large-scale popularization. Therefore, the optimization of the process has been studied in recent years.Among which the selection of ring-opening polymerization catalysts is a key step. The development of inorganic metal catalysts to organic functional catalysis has greatly promoted the process optimization of ring-opening polymerization.