场地自行车运动员运动损伤及体能训练需求调研

Investigation on Sports Injury and Physical Training Needs of Track Cyclists

本研究对场地自行车运动员进行了运动损伤及体能训练需求问卷调查,结果显示:(1)该研究对象总损伤率为82.9%。发生例次较多的损伤部位,依次为腰、膝、腕、肩背和掌指;从伤病发生的种类看,前3位的为肌肉劳损、膝外侧疼痛、软组织挫伤;无论是损伤部位、还是损伤种类,都呈现较为明显的性别与项目特征,即男性、短距离项目损伤的例次,明显多于女性、长距离运动员;(2)"准备活动不充分"、"相互碰撞"、"疲劳"分别位于急性运动致伤因素的前三位;(3)运动员们对核心力量及稳定性训练、拉伸放松、软组织放松需求较大。建议:(1)针对研究中发现的腰、膝、腕等几个易伤部位,及较为常见的损伤种类,制订针对性的防伤体能训练方案,并进行训练干预;(2)运动员在训练前,应做好充分的准备活动;训练结束后,应采取积极的放松、恢复措施,利于疲劳的恢复,以减少伤病的发生。

This paper conducts a questionnaire survey on sports injuries and physical training needs of track cycling athletes. The results show that: 1)The total injury rate of the subjects in this study is 82.9%.The most frequent injuries were the waist, knee, wrist, shoulder, back and metacarpophalangeal successively. From the types of injuries, the top three were muscle strain,lateral knee pain and soft tissue contusion;no matter where the injuries occurred or the types of injuries, there were more obvious gender and project characteristics, that is, male and short-distance injuries, which were significantly more than female and long-distance Athletes;2)Inadequate preparatory activities, collision and fatigue are among the top three injury factors of acute sports injuries;3)Athletes need more core strength and stability training, stretching relaxation and soft tissue relaxation. Suggestions: 1)According to the vulnerable parts such as waist, knee and wrist found in this study, and the more common types of injuries, formulate targeted physical training programs for injury prevention, and conduct training intervention;2)Athletes should make full preparations in training, and take active relaxation and recovery measures after training to help the recovery of fatigue, so as to reduce the occurrence of injuries.