不同品牌牛奶中重金属测定及健康风险评价

Health risk assessment of heavy metals in milk of local and import brands

目的了解国内外不同品牌牛奶中重金属元素含量,探讨牛奶中的5种重金属元素对公众健康危害引起的风险度。方法采用湿法消解,电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)技术检测国内外32种品牌牛奶中铅、汞、铬、镉、砷元素的含量,并采用美国环保局推荐的健康风险评价模型对牛奶中的5种重金属元素的公众健康危害的风险度进行评价。结果国产与进口品牌牛奶样品中,5种重金属元素Pb、Hg、Cr、Cd和As均全部检出,但含量均未超标。国内和国外不同品牌牛奶中5种重金属含量差异均不显著(P> 0.05),平均综合风险值分别为1.72×10^(-5)/a和1.76×10^(-5)/a,低于国际辐射防护委员会(ICRP)推荐的最大可接受风险水平(5×10^(-5)/a)。结论国内外不同品牌牛奶中5种重金属元素含量差异不明显,均符合国家标准。居民通过饮用牛奶摄入的重金属所致的健康风险较低,不足以对人体造成危害。

Objective To understand the heavy metals(Pb,Hg,Cr,Cd and As) in milk of local and import brands,and assess the health risks.. Methods By microwave pretreatment and ICP-MS method,the contents of 5 heavy metals in milk were tested.Health risks associated with concentrations of contaminants in milk were assessed by using USEPA health risk assessment mode1. Results The positive rate of Pb,Hg,Cr,Cd,As were all 100.00% in domestic brands and import brands,respectively.But all complied with national standards.The differences in concentration of five heavy metals between domestic and import brand were not significant( P >0.05).The annual risk factor caused by five heavy metals for milk were 1.72×10-5 /a and 1.76×10^-5 /a in domestic and import brand,which was lower than the recommended maximum risk factor of 5×10^-5 /a according to the international coalition of radioactive protection (ICRP). Conclusion The differences in concentration of five heavy metals between domestic and import brand were not significant,and all complied with national standards.The annual risk factor caused by five heavy metals for milk was not risky to health.