唐朝政教关系在《衣物帐》中的反映——对法门寺地宫出土的茶器具分类的反思

Relationship Between Politics and Religion in the Tang Dynasty in "Yiwuzhang" :Reflection on Classification of Tea Utensils Unearthed from the Famen Temple

本文首先对法门寺茶器具的两种系统联系的分类学思路进行了反驳,进而提出在文物分类中,不仅仅应该基于文物的特征、材质与功能,同时应当考虑到文物之中体现的社会关系。在法门寺地宫的《衣物帐》中,出现了三类社会关系,人与神之间的"供养"关系,君与臣之间的"恩赐"关系和皇亲与大臣对佛表示恭敬与支持的"施"关系,其中以君臣之间的"恩赐"关系为主,所以法门寺的茶器不是成套的,这与唐朝的佛政关系背景有关。

This paper first refutes the taxonomic ideas of the two systems of the Famen Temple tea utensils, and proposes that in the classification of cultural relics, not only should it focus on the characteristics, materials and functions of cultural relics, but also consider the society embodied in cultural relics. There are three kinds of social relations in the "Yiwuzhang (List of Clothing)" of the Famen Temple: the "support" relationship between man and God, the "gift" relationship between the monarch and the minister, and "Shi"(sacrifice) relationship of the emperor and minister showing respect and support to the Buddha, which is based on the "gift" relationship between the monarch and the minister. The fact that the tea pot of Famen Temple is rarely a complete set is related to the background of the relationship between the Tang Dynasty and the Buddha.