传统产业的现代化转型:民国江西茶业研究

Modern Transformation of Traditional Industries: Research on Jiangxi Tea Industry in the Republic of China

茶业一直是江西的特色传统产业,在江西农村经济中占据独特位置,也是中国茶业的重要部分。因天然优厚的自然条件,江西茶叶品质优良,盛产著名的宁红茶、绿茶等,并且产区广,产量大,远销欧美、日本、朝鲜等多个国家,江西茶成为中国茶业对外贸易中非常重要的来源。然而,民国时期面临着传统产业的现代化转型,中国茶业包括赣茶必然要经历这一过程。总体而言,江西茶的产量、销量在民国时期呈现不断下滑的趋势,证明了传统产业的现代化转型之艰难。鉴于运输成本高、生产技术落后、思想观念陈旧等诸多问题,时人提出了相应的对策,包括改良生产技术、运销公营、茶业统制、扩大宣传等,具有非常重要的借鉴意义。

Tea industry has always been a traditional industry in Jiangxi Province, which occupies a unique position in Jiangxi rural economy and is also an important part of the Chinese tea industry. Thanks to the favorable natural conditions, Jiangxi tea is of high quality, rich in famous Ninghong black tea, green tea, etc. With a wide production area and large production, it is exported to Europe, America, Japan, North Korea and other countries. Jiangxi tea has become a very important source of foreign trade in China’s tea industry. During the Republic of China, when the traditional industries faced the transformation of modernization, the Chinese tea industry including Jiangxi tea went through this process. In general, the production and sales volume of Jiangxi tea showed a declining trend during the Republic of China, which proved the difficulty of the modern transformation of traditional industries. In view of the high transportation cost, backward production technology, outdated ideas and many other problems, the corresponding countermeasures, such as the improvement of production technology, public-owned transportation and marketing, tea industry control, and expansion of publicity were put forward, which were of important significance.