晚清中俄茶叶贸易路线变迁考——以汉口为中心的考察

Research on the Change of Tea Trade Route Between China and Russia in Late Qing Dynasty: Taking Hankou as the Trade Center

2013年起,中国8省联合拟将中俄从武夷山到恰克图的万里茶道申报为世界文化遗产。实际上,在第二次鸦片战争之后,这一中俄传统茶叶运输路线发生了重大历史变迁,汉口成为中俄茶叶贸易之津梁,武夷和恰克图的地位下降,水路和陆路的联运、汉口经内河沿海运输至海参崴,以及从汉口直接运往欧俄黑海港口敖德萨的贸易路线被开辟,这些新兴茶叶贸易路线的开辟带动了输俄茶叶的数量和货值迅速增加。但中俄茶叶贸易路线为俄商所掌控,华商的传统商业地位损失殆尽,这是汉口外贸茶市走向衰落的重要原因之一。

Eight provinces have jointly planned to declare the Tea Road of Ten Thousand Miles between China and Russia from Wuyi Mountain to Kyakhta as a world cultural heritage since 2013. After the Second Opium War, this traditional tea transportation route underwent significant historical changes: Hankou became the key port, the status of Wuyi and Kyakhta declined, and the trade routes from Hankou to Vladivostok and from Hankou to Odessa were established. These new tea trade routes led to a rapid increase in the quantity and value of tea exported to Russia. However, the Sino-Russian tea trade route was under the control of the Russian merchants, and the traditional commercial status of the Chinese merchants was lost. This is one of the important reasons for the decline of the Hankou foreign trade tea market.