基于土地利用的法国风景规划及体系研究

A Study of Landscape Planning and System Based on Land Use in France

随着自然资源部成立,空间规划体系建设进一步开展,体现了国家对自然资源的统筹管理和最优配置上的信心和决心。自然资源范畴已经超过了传统定义的静止自然风光,是不断变化的、始终与人类社会保持紧密联系的"社会-自然"复合体。在利用这些自然资源时,需要将所有国土空间内的自然资源放在统一的框架下规划管理,风景规划就是一项有效的工具。法国的风景规划活动起步较早,已经逐渐确立了自己的历史和技术体系。文章从土地利用方式的角度,通过对法国风景规划的历史、现行城市规划体系和风景规划的特点进行分析研究,了解法国风景规划的核心内容在于对土地资源的规划和决策,为中国的风景规划提供启示。

With the establishment of China Ministry of Natural Resources,spatial planning system has stepped onto a new stage,reflecting the confidence and determination of the government in the integrated management and optimal allocation of natural resources. The boundary of natural resources has gone beyond the traditional static scenic nature to a complex of society-nature interaction that constantly changes and maintains close contact with human society. It’s important to incorporate the natural resources distributed in the entire territory space into a unified frame for integrated planning and management,in which landscape planning is an effective tool. With a long history of landscape planning,France has gradually built up an integral set of technique system. This study analyzes the history,the system and the characteristics of landscape planning in France and finds that the core context of landscape planning in France is the precise distribution and decisions of land use. From the perspective of land use,this study puts focus on the landscape planning system in France,which is to provide references for landscape planning in China.