鹊山引黄水库浮游动物时空分布特征

The spatial-temporal distribution characteristics of zooplankton in Queshan Yellow River Reservoir

根据2012年5—10月对济南鹊山水库及库前沉沙条渠内的采样调查结果,分析了浮游动物的种类和密度的时空分布。结果共检出浮游动物24属41种,其中种数最多的是轮虫类,其次为纤毛虫类,枝角类和桡足类最少。条渠内检出的优势种数明显多于水库,但两处优势种的时间变化特征相似。条渠和水库内均出现的优势种有沟钟虫、钟形钟虫、壶状臂尾轮虫、尾突臂尾轮虫、裂痕龟纹轮虫、象鼻溞、汤匙华哲水蚤。采样期间条渠和水库的Shannon-wiener多样性指数(H')分别在2.59—2.96和2.74—2.94范围内波动,Pielou均匀度指数(J’)分别在0.88—0.99和0.83—0.92范围内波动。根据条渠和水库内共19个采样点的四大类浮游动物密度的聚类分析结果,研究区域可分为条渠中前端、条渠末端-水库入口及水库其他范围3个区域,不同区域的浮游动物群落结构有显著差异,表明条渠的沉沙过程对浮游动物群落有较大的影响。

Zooplankton in Queshan Reservoir of Jinan was investigated from May to October in 2012.41 species belonging to 24 genera of zooplankton were detected along the sand sedimentation channel to the reservoir.The largest diversity of species was detected for Rotatoria,followed by Ciliata,and for Cladocera and Copepoda was lowest.The number of dominant species detected in the sand sedimentation channel was obviously higher than that in the reservoir,but their temporal variation characteristics were similar.The dominant species such as Vorticella convallaria,Vorticella campanula,Brachionus urceus,Brachionus caudatus,Anuraeopsis fissa,Bosmina sp.and Sinocalanus dorrii were detected both in the sand sedimentation channel and reservoirs.During the period of investigation,the Shannon-wiener diversity index(H')of Zooplankton in the channel and the reservoir fluctuated between 2.59-2.96 and 2.74-2.94,and the Pielou evenness index(J')fluctuated between 0.88-0.99 and 0.83-0.92,respectively.According to the cluster analysis of zooplankton density from 19 sampling points,the result data clustered into 3 groups:the inflow zone of the channel,the transition zone from the channel outlet to the reservoir intake,and the reservoir zone.The structure of zooplankton community showed significant difference in these three zones.It is shown that the process of sedimentation in the sand sedimentation channel has greater influence on the distribution of Zooplankton.