荀子与张载之间:礼学的主要倾向及其现代价值

Between Xunzi and Zhang Zai:the Main Tendency of Ritual Study and its Modern Value

荀子和张载都重视"礼",他们所讲的"礼"既有相同之处,也有不同的特点。从"天人二分"的思路和对现实人性的关注出发,荀子认为礼出于"伪",是圣人的制作,是对人性之"恶"的对治,并注重礼从政治制度建设到社会规范和个体道德行为的养成,具有侧重外在行为规范的较为浓厚的政治色彩。从"天人合一"的思路出发,张载认为礼本于"理",是天道本然的体现,是对人性之"善"的成就,并注重礼从个体道德的修养到社群行为规范和国家制度的完善,具有侧重道德自我约束的较为浓厚的教化意味。荀子和张载对"礼"的理论认知与建设理路,对当今治国理政和乡村治理体系建设都具有一定的参考价值。

Both Xunzi and Zhang Zai attach great importance to propriety.The propriety they talk about has not only similarities,but also different characteristics.Starting from the idea of“Nature-man-as-two”and the concern for human nature in reality,Xunzi believes that ritual is out of“factitiousness”,is the production of saints,and is a remedy for the‘evil’of human nature.And he pays attention to the ritual in the process from the construction of political system to the cultivation of social norms and individual moral behaviors,which has a strong political color with emphasis on external behavior norms.Proceeding from the idea of‘Nature-man-as-one’,Zhang Zai thinks that the propriety is based on‘principle’,which is the natural manifestation of heaven and the achievement of‘goodness’in human nature.And he pays attention to the ritual in the process from the cultivation of individual morality to the improvement of the norms of social behavior and the national system,which has a strong implication of moral self-restraint.Xunzi and Zhang Zai’s theoretical cognition and construction of‘propriety’have certain reference value to the construction of governance and rural governance system.