生物质炭施用年限对烤烟生长及经济性状的影响

Effect of Biochar Application with Different Years on Tobacco Growth and Economic Trait

为烤烟废弃物及玉米秸秆在烤烟生产上的推广应用提供依据,设不添加生物质炭(T1,CK)、添加烟秆炭(T2)、废弃烟叶炭(T3)和玉米秸秆炭(T4)4个处理,于2016-2018年采用田间试验方法,研究其对烤烟生长、产量、经济性状的影响。结果表明:2016年,添加废弃烟叶炭处理较其余2年对促进烤烟生长的效果更明显,其株高增高、有效叶片数增多和茎围增大;2016年、2017年和2018年,均以添加废弃烟叶炭处理烟叶的产量、均价和产值最高,分别为167.8kg/667m2、161.2kg/667m2和189.7kg/667m2,27.8元/kg、28.2元/kg和30.5元/kg,4 674.9元/kg、4 545.5元/kg和5 786.4元/kg;上等烟叶比例也是添加废弃烟叶炭处理最高,分别为67.0%、68.1%和81.4%,均与不添加生物质炭差异显著。添加废弃烟叶炭更有利于促进烤烟生长、产量及经济性状提高,生物质炭对烤烟生长具有一定的滞后期。

The effect of various types of biochar(tobacco stalk-derived biochar,wasted tobacco leafderived biochar and maize straw-derived biochar)on tobacco growth,yield,economic traits was investigated to provide references for popularization and application of tobacco waste and maize straw in tobacco production.The field experiment was conducted from 2016 to 2018,with the treatments of T1(CK,without biochar),T2(tobacco stem-derived biochar),T3(wasted tobacco leaf-derived biochar)and T4(maize straw-derived biochar).The results showed that tobacco growth with T 3 was more obvious in 2016 than in 2017 and 2018,including increase of tobacco height,leaf number and stem diameter.The tobacco leaf yield,average price and output value with T3 was the highest in 2016,2017 and 2018,of which the tobacco leaf yield was 167.8 kg/667m^2,161.2 kg/667m^2,189.7 kg/667m^2,the average price was 27.8 yuan/kg,28.2 yuan/kg,30.5 yuan/kg,the output value was 4 674.9 yuan/kg,4 545.5 yuan/kg,5 786.4 yuan/kg,respectively.Meanwhile,the proportion of high-grade tobacco leaf with T3 was the highest in 2016,2017 and 2018(also significantly higher than T1),which was 67.0%,68.1%and 81.4%,respectively.In conclusion,tobacco leaf-derived biochar was more favorable to enhance tobacco growth,tobacco yield and economic traits.The effect of biochar on tobacco growth appears to be hysteretic.