不同播期对叶用莴苣类蔬菜生长发育及种子产量的影响

Effects of Different Sowing Dates on Growth and Seed Yield of Leaf Lettuce Vegetables

为云南叶用莴苣类蔬菜制种提供参考,以结球生菜、散叶生菜、油麦菜为供试材料,在昆明市嵩明县和元谋县分别进行大棚种植和露地种植试验,研究不同播期对其生长发育及种子产量的影响。结果表明:嵩明县大棚种植和元谋县露地种植油麦菜不同播期均有完整的生育期,全生育期分别为171～196d和163～186d;结球生菜在嵩明县大棚内种植仅6-7月和元谋县露地种植仅6-9月播种的有全生育期,其余播种期均不能抽薹;散叶生菜在嵩明县大棚内种植5-8月播种的有全生育期,为194～206d,在元谋县露地种植播种期在2-3月和7-9月存在全生育期,为191～203d。嵩明县大棚种植油麦菜的抽薹率和单株采种量均以5-8月播种的较高,抽薹率>95%,单株采种量>13g;元谋县露地种植油麦菜不同播期的抽薹率和单株采种量均以8-9月播种的较高,抽薹率在95.6%～98.5%,单株采种量>20g;散叶生菜在元谋县露地种植的抽薹率在57.5%～73.4%,单株采种量在5.3～9.8g,以8月8日播种的散叶生菜单株采种量最高;结球生菜抽薹率及单株采种量较低,种子不够饱满,在云南地区不可繁种。油麦菜和散叶生菜在云南省元谋县开花结籽正常,种子产量高且品质好。

In order to offer reference for seed production of leaf lettuce vegetables in Yunnan Province,the effects of different sowing dates on their growth and seed yield of Lactuca sativa var.capitata L.,Lactuca sativa var.crispa L.and Lactuca sativa var.longifoliaf Lam were studied by green house of Songming County and traditional planting of Yunmou County in Kunming.Results:Lactuca sativa var.longifoliaf Lam in Songming County greenhouse planting and Yunmou County open field planting had complete growth periods at different sowing stages,the whole growth periods were 171-196 d and 163-186 d,respectively.Lactuca sativa var.capitata L.grown in greenhouses of Songming County only from June to July and in open fields of Yunmou County only from June to September had a whole growth period,and the rest seeding periods could not be moss plucked.Lactuca sativa var.crispa L.had a whole growth period of 194-206 d when they were planted in the greenhouse of Songming County from May to August,and 191-203 d when they were planted in the open field of Yunmou County from February to March and from July to September.Bolting rate and seed yield per plant of Lactuca sativa var.longifoliaf Lam planted in greenhouses in Songming County were both higher than those sown in May-August,with a bolting rate of>95%and a seed yield per plant of>13 g.In Yunmou County,the bolting rate and seed yield per plant of Lactuca sativa var.longifoliaf Lam planted in open field in different sowing periods were higher than those sown in August to September,the bolting rate was 95.6%-98.5%,and the seed yield per plant was>20 g.In Yunmou County,the seed-pulling rate of Lactuca sativa var.crispa L.was 57.5%-73.4%,and the seed yield per plant was 5.3-9.8 g.The seed yield per plant of Lactuca sativa var.crispa L.sown on August 8 was the highest.The bolting rate of Lactuca sativa var.capitata L.and the seed amount per plant were low,and the seeds were not full enough.Lactuca sativa var.crispa L.and Lactuca sativa var.longifoliaf Lam had normal flowering and seeding in Yunmou County,Yunnan Province,with high seed yield and good quality.