王祯《农书》中的织造机械问疑

Questions in Weaving Machinery in WANG Zhen's Agricultural Book

王祯《农书》是中国古代农业科技领域集大成的一部伟大巨著,影响深远,然而它对织造机械的描述却过于简单且谬误甚多。运用历史文献与纺织考古相结合的二维分析方法,对王祯《农书》中织造机械的起源、发展和各种类型织造机械形制献疑和释疑。认为:织造机械的创造和发明是经过漫长历史时期,且由无数工匠共同完成的,其发明权并不能归于一些名人名士,丝织机结构的发展应该从平民化与贵族化织机两条路径展开,从织机提花部与织部双维度进行总结。王祯《农书》中丝织机械的主要类型为多综多蹑织和花楼织机,麻、棉织机的主要类型则是单动式双综双蹑织机。同时,王祯的儒家学者身份和《耕织图》的广泛传播是造成这些诸多疑问的主客观因素。

WANG Zhen's Agricultural Book is a great masterpiece of agricultural science and technology in ancient China,which has a far-reaching influence.However,iTSdescription of weaving machinery is too simple and full of fallacies.By using the two-dimensional analysis method,which combines historical documenTSwith textile archaeology,the origin and development of weaving machinery and various types of weaving machinery in WANG Zhen's Agricultural Books are questioned and explained.The paper believes that the creation and invention of weaving machinery has gone through a long period of history by the numerous craftsmen who completed the invention,the invention right cannot be attributed to some celebrities.The development of the silk machine's structure should proceed from the two paths:civilian and the aristocratic loom.Therefore,the development of the silk machine structure should be summed up from the two-dimensional,the loom and the weaving department.The main type of silk machinery in WANG Zhen's Agricultural Book should be multi-heald,multi-treadle loom and floral looms while the main types of hemp and cotton looms are single-acting double-heald double-treadle looms.Further more,WANG Zhen's Confucian scholar status and the wide spread of Farming and Weaving Picture are the subjective and objective factors that cause these questions.