铁氧体磁性纳米催化剂的制备及其在资源能源领域的应用

Preparation of Ferrite Magnetic Nano-Catalysts and Their Applications in the Field of Resources and Energy

随着石油开采技术的不断提高,石油资源的开发和利用规模逐渐增大,然而现存的石油资源组成复杂、黏度高,使用常规的催化剂进行改质存在利用率低、回收困难等问题。生物质能已成为化石燃料的潜在替代品,生物质的催化转化是制备各种商品化学品或液体燃料的主要途径之一。然而生物质催化转化中常用的均相催化剂及非均相催化剂同样具有难回收再利用以及分离损失大等问题,限制了其应用。磁性纳米催化剂不仅具有高催化活性,在外加磁场作用下还能实现催化剂的回收与重复利用,在工业生产得以连续化的同时,也降低了生产成本,提高了生产效率。本综述介绍了铁氧体磁性纳米催化剂的制备方法,阐述了近年来铁氧体磁性纳米催化剂在催化脱硫、生物质催化转化为化学品、生物柴油的制备、煤液化领域的研究进展,指出了铁氧体磁性纳米催化剂在资源能源领域应用存在的问题,并对铁氧体磁性纳米颗粒的应用前景进行了展望。

With the development of exploitation technique, oil resources development and utilization have increased. However, the existing oil resources are complex in composition and high in viscosity. The use of conventional catalysts for upgrading has problems of low utilization efficiency, difficulty in recovery, etc. Biomass has emerged as a potential alternative to the dwindling fossil fuel reserves. Catalytic conversion of biomass has become one of the main routes for the transformation of biomass into a variety of commodity chemicals or liquid fuels. However, the common homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysts used in biomass catalytic conversion also have problems such as difficulty in recycling and big consumption, which limits their applications. Magnetic nano-catalysts, as new catalysts, not only have high catalytic activity, but also can be separated under the external magnetic field, achieving their recovery and reuse, making industry production serialization, reducing the cost of chemical production, and improving the production. Here we review the preparation methods of ferrite magnetic nano-catalysts. We also present their recent advances in the fields of catalytic desulfurization, catalytic conversion of biomass to chemicals, production of biodiesel, coal liquefaction, and analyze the problems to be solved for the specific applications in the field of resources and energy. Finally, the prospects on the application of ferrite magnetic nanoparticles are outlined.